Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

20,401–20,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
20,401	1320.05	443.05	115.971	1.8316	150000.0	1
20,402	1320.1	443.05	115.975	1.7649	150000.0	1
20,403	1320.15	443.05	115.979	1.6994	150000.0	1
20,404	1320.2	443.05	115.983	1.6352	150000.0	1
20,405	1320.25	443.05	115.987	1.5722	150000.0	1
20,406	1320.3	443.05	115.991	1.5105	150000.0	1
20,407	1320.35	443.05	115.996	1.45	150000.0	1
20,408	1320.4	443.05	116.0	1.3907	150000.0	1
20,409	1320.45	443.05	116.004	1.3327	150000.0	1
20,410	1320.5	443.05	116.008	1.276	150000.0	1
20,411	1320.55	443.05	116.012	1.2204	150000.0	1
20,412	1320.6	443.05	116.016	1.1661	150000.0	1
20,413	1320.65	443.05	116.02	1.1131	150000.0	1
20,414	1320.7	443.05	116.024	1.0613	150000.0	1
20,415	1320.75	443.05	116.029	1.0107	150000.0	1
20,416	1320.8	443.05	116.033	0.9614	150000.0	1
20,417	1320.85	443.05	116.037	0.9133	150000.0	1
20,418	1320.9	443.05	116.041	0.8664	150000.0	1
20,419	1320.95	443.05	116.045	0.8208	150000.0	1
20,420	1321.0	443.05	116.049	0.7764	150000.0	1
20,421	1321.05	443.05	116.053	0.7333	150000.0	1
20,422	1321.1	443.01	116.015	2.0593	150000.0	1
20,423	1321.15	443.01	116.019	1.9885	150000.0	1
20,424	1321.2	443.01	116.023	1.919	150000.0	1
20,425	1321.25	443.01	116.027	1.8508	150000.0	1
20,426	1321.3	443.01	116.032	1.7838	150000.0	1
20,427	1321.35	443.01	116.036	1.718	150000.0	1
20,428	1321.4	443.01	116.04	1.6535	150000.0	1
20,429	1321.45	443.01	116.044	1.5902	150000.0	1
20,430	1321.5	443.01	116.048	1.5281	150000.0	1
20,431	1321.55	443.01	116.052	1.4673	150000.0	1
20,432	1321.6	443.01	116.056	1.4077	150000.0	1
20,433	1321.65	443.01	116.061	1.3494	150000.0	1
20,434	1321.7	443.01	116.065	1.2923	150000.0	1
20,435	1321.75	443.01	116.069	1.2365	150000.0	1
20,436	1321.8	443.01	116.073	1.1818	150000.0	1
20,437	1321.85	443.01	116.077	1.1285	150000.0	1
20,438	1321.9	443.01	116.081	1.0763	150000.0	1
20,439	1321.95	443.01	116.085	1.0254	150000.0	1
20,440	1322.0	443.01	116.089	0.9758	150000.0	1
20,441	1322.05	443.01	116.094	0.9273	150000.0	1
20,442	1322.1	443.01	116.098	0.8801	150000.0	1
20,443	1322.15	443.01	116.102	0.8342	150000.0	1
20,444	1322.2	443.01	116.106	0.7894	150000.0	1
20,445	1322.25	443.01	116.11	0.746	150000.0	1
20,446	1322.3	443.01	116.114	0.7037	150000.0	1
20,447	1322.35	442.96	116.076	2.0345	150000.0	1
20,448	1322.4	442.96	116.08	1.9643	150000.0	1
20,449	1322.45	442.96	116.084	1.8953	150000.0	1
20,450	1322.5	442.96	116.088	1.8275	150000.0	1
20,451	1322.55	442.96	116.092	1.7609	150000.0	1
20,452	1322.6	442.96	116.096	1.6956	150000.0	1
20,453	1322.65	442.96	116.101	1.6316	150000.0	1
20,454	1322.7	442.96	116.105	1.5687	150000.0	1
20,455	1322.75	442.96	116.109	1.5072	150000.0	1
20,456	1322.8	442.96	116.113	1.4468	150000.0	1
20,457	1322.85	442.96	116.117	1.3877	150000.0	1
20,458	1322.9	442.96	116.121	1.3298	150000.0	1
20,459	1322.95	442.96	116.125	1.2732	150000.0	1
20,460	1323.0	442.96	116.13	1.2178	150000.0	1
20,461	1323.05	442.96	116.134	1.1636	150000.0	1
20,462	1323.1	442.96	116.138	1.1107	150000.0	1
20,463	1323.15	442.96	116.142	1.059	150000.0	1
20,464	1323.2	442.96	116.146	1.0086	150000.0	1
20,465	1323.25	442.96	116.15	0.9593	150000.0	1
20,466	1323.3	442.96	116.154	0.9114	150000.0	1
20,467	1323.35	442.96	116.158	0.8646	150000.0	1
20,468	1323.4	442.96	116.163	0.8191	150000.0	1
20,469	1323.45	442.96	116.167	0.7748	150000.0	1
20,470	1323.5	442.96	116.171	0.7317	150000.0	1
20,471	1323.55	442.92	116.132	2.0654	150000.0	1
20,472	1323.6	442.92	116.136	1.9946	150000.0	1
20,473	1323.65	442.92	116.141	1.9251	150000.0	1
20,474	1323.7	442.92	116.145	1.8568	150000.0	1
20,475	1323.75	442.92	116.149	1.7898	150000.0	1
20,476	1323.8	442.92	116.153	1.724	150000.0	1
20,477	1323.85	442.92	116.157	1.6594	150000.0	1
20,478	1323.9	442.92	116.161	1.5961	150000.0	1
20,479	1323.95	442.92	116.165	1.534	150000.0	1
20,480	1324.0	442.92	116.17	1.4731	150000.0	1
20,481	1324.05	442.92	116.174	1.4135	150000.0	1
20,482	1324.1	442.92	116.178	1.3551	150000.0	1
20,483	1324.15	442.92	116.182	1.298	150000.0	1
20,484	1324.2	442.92	116.186	1.2421	150000.0	1
20,485	1324.25	442.92	116.19	1.1874	150000.0	1
20,486	1324.3	442.92	116.194	1.134	150000.0	1
20,487	1324.35	442.92	116.198	1.0818	150000.0	1
20,488	1324.4	442.92	116.203	1.0308	150000.0	1
20,489	1324.45	442.92	116.207	0.9811	150000.0	1
20,490	1324.5	442.92	116.211	0.9326	150000.0	1
20,491	1324.55	442.92	116.215	0.8853	150000.0	1
20,492	1324.6	442.92	116.219	0.8392	150000.0	1
20,493	1324.65	442.92	116.223	0.7944	150000.0	1
20,494	1324.7	442.92	116.227	0.7509	150000.0	1
20,495	1324.75	442.92	116.232	0.7085	150000.0	1
20,496	1324.8	442.87	116.193	2.0467	150000.0	1
20,497	1324.85	442.87	116.197	1.9764	150000.0	1
20,498	1324.9	442.87	116.201	1.9072	150000.0	1
20,499	1324.95	442.87	116.205	1.8393	150000.0	1
20,500	1325.0	442.87	116.209	1.7726	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →