Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

20,201–20,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
20,201	1310.05	443.44	115.52	0.8173	150000.0	1
20,202	1310.1	443.44	115.524	0.7727	150000.0	1
20,203	1310.15	443.44	115.528	0.7295	150000.0	1
20,204	1310.2	443.44	115.532	0.6874	150000.0	1
20,205	1310.25	443.4	115.495	1.981	150000.0	1
20,206	1310.3	443.4	115.5	1.9113	150000.0	1
20,207	1310.35	443.4	115.504	1.8428	150000.0	1
20,208	1310.4	443.4	115.508	1.7756	150000.0	1
20,209	1310.45	443.4	115.512	1.7096	150000.0	1
20,210	1310.5	443.4	115.516	1.6449	150000.0	1
20,211	1310.55	443.4	115.52	1.5814	150000.0	1
20,212	1310.6	443.4	115.524	1.5192	150000.0	1
20,213	1310.65	443.4	115.528	1.4582	150000.0	1
20,214	1310.7	443.4	115.533	1.3985	150000.0	1
20,215	1310.75	443.4	115.537	1.34	150000.0	1
20,216	1310.8	443.4	115.541	1.2828	150000.0	1
20,217	1310.85	443.4	115.545	1.2269	150000.0	1
20,218	1310.9	443.4	115.549	1.1722	150000.0	1
20,219	1310.95	443.4	115.553	1.1187	150000.0	1
20,220	1311.0	443.4	115.557	1.0665	150000.0	1
20,221	1311.05	443.4	115.561	1.0156	150000.0	1
20,222	1311.1	443.4	115.566	0.9659	150000.0	1
20,223	1311.15	443.4	115.57	0.9174	150000.0	1
20,224	1311.2	443.4	115.574	0.8702	150000.0	1
20,225	1311.25	443.4	115.578	0.8243	150000.0	1
20,226	1311.3	443.4	115.582	0.7796	150000.0	1
20,227	1311.35	443.4	115.586	0.7361	150000.0	1
20,228	1311.4	443.4	115.59	0.6939	150000.0	1
20,229	1311.45	443.36	115.553	1.9911	150000.0	1
20,230	1311.5	443.36	115.557	1.9213	150000.0	1
20,231	1311.55	443.36	115.561	1.8526	150000.0	1
20,232	1311.6	443.36	115.566	1.7852	150000.0	1
20,233	1311.65	443.36	115.57	1.7191	150000.0	1
20,234	1311.7	443.36	115.574	1.6543	150000.0	1
20,235	1311.75	443.36	115.578	1.5906	150000.0	1
20,236	1311.8	443.36	115.582	1.5283	150000.0	1
20,237	1311.85	443.36	115.586	1.4672	150000.0	1
20,238	1311.9	443.36	115.59	1.4073	150000.0	1
20,239	1311.95	443.36	115.595	1.3487	150000.0	1
20,240	1312.0	443.36	115.599	1.2913	150000.0	1
20,241	1312.05	443.36	115.603	1.2352	150000.0	1
20,242	1312.1	443.36	115.607	1.1804	150000.0	1
20,243	1312.15	443.36	115.611	1.1268	150000.0	1
20,244	1312.2	443.36	115.615	1.0744	150000.0	1
20,245	1312.25	443.36	115.619	1.0233	150000.0	1
20,246	1312.3	443.36	115.623	0.9734	150000.0	1
20,247	1312.35	443.36	115.628	0.9248	150000.0	1
20,248	1312.4	443.36	115.632	0.8775	150000.0	1
20,249	1312.45	443.36	115.636	0.8314	150000.0	1
20,250	1312.5	443.36	115.64	0.7865	150000.0	1
20,251	1312.55	443.36	115.644	0.7429	150000.0	1
20,252	1312.6	443.36	115.648	0.7005	150000.0	1
20,253	1312.65	443.31	115.611	2.0013	150000.0	1
20,254	1312.7	443.31	115.615	1.9312	150000.0	1
20,255	1312.75	443.31	115.619	1.8625	150000.0	1
20,256	1312.8	443.31	115.623	1.795	150000.0	1
20,257	1312.85	443.31	115.627	1.7287	150000.0	1
20,258	1312.9	443.31	115.632	1.6637	150000.0	1
20,259	1312.95	443.31	115.636	1.5999	150000.0	1
20,260	1313.0	443.31	115.64	1.5374	150000.0	1
20,261	1313.05	443.31	115.644	1.4761	150000.0	1
20,262	1313.1	443.31	115.648	1.4161	150000.0	1
20,263	1313.15	443.31	115.652	1.3574	150000.0	1
20,264	1313.2	443.31	115.656	1.2999	150000.0	1
20,265	1313.25	443.31	115.66	1.2436	150000.0	1
20,266	1313.3	443.31	115.665	1.1886	150000.0	1
20,267	1313.35	443.31	115.669	1.1348	150000.0	1
20,268	1313.4	443.31	115.673	1.0823	150000.0	1
20,269	1313.45	443.31	115.677	1.031	150000.0	1
20,270	1313.5	443.31	115.681	0.981	150000.0	1
20,271	1313.55	443.31	115.685	0.9323	150000.0	1
20,272	1313.6	443.31	115.689	0.8847	150000.0	1
20,273	1313.65	443.31	115.693	0.8385	150000.0	1
20,274	1313.7	443.31	115.698	0.7934	150000.0	1
20,275	1313.75	443.31	115.702	0.7496	150000.0	1
20,276	1313.8	443.31	115.706	0.7071	150000.0	1
20,277	1313.85	443.27	115.668	2.0114	150000.0	1
20,278	1313.9	443.27	115.673	1.9412	150000.0	1
20,279	1313.95	443.27	115.677	1.8723	150000.0	1
20,280	1314.0	443.27	115.681	1.8047	150000.0	1
20,281	1314.05	443.27	115.685	1.7383	150000.0	1
20,282	1314.1	443.27	115.689	1.6731	150000.0	1
20,283	1314.15	443.27	115.693	1.6092	150000.0	1
20,284	1314.2	443.27	115.697	1.5466	150000.0	1
20,285	1314.25	443.27	115.701	1.4851	150000.0	1
20,286	1314.3	443.27	115.706	1.425	150000.0	1
20,287	1314.35	443.27	115.71	1.3661	150000.0	1
20,288	1314.4	443.27	115.714	1.3084	150000.0	1
20,289	1314.45	443.27	115.718	1.252	150000.0	1
20,290	1314.5	443.27	115.722	1.1968	150000.0	1
20,291	1314.55	443.27	115.726	1.1429	150000.0	1
20,292	1314.6	443.27	115.73	1.0902	150000.0	1
20,293	1314.65	443.27	115.735	1.0388	150000.0	1
20,294	1314.7	443.27	115.739	0.9886	150000.0	1
20,295	1314.75	443.27	115.743	0.9397	150000.0	1
20,296	1314.8	443.27	115.747	0.892	150000.0	1
20,297	1314.85	443.27	115.751	0.8456	150000.0	1
20,298	1314.9	443.27	115.755	0.8004	150000.0	1
20,299	1314.95	443.27	115.759	0.7564	150000.0	1
20,300	1315.0	443.27	115.763	0.7137	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →