Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

20,101–20,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
20,101	1305.05	443.61	115.271	0.9788	150000.0	1
20,102	1305.1	443.61	115.275	0.9299	150000.0	1
20,103	1305.15	443.61	115.279	0.8822	150000.0	1
20,104	1305.2	443.61	115.283	0.8358	150000.0	1
20,105	1305.25	443.61	115.287	0.7907	150000.0	1
20,106	1305.3	443.61	115.291	0.7468	150000.0	1
20,107	1305.35	443.61	115.295	0.7041	150000.0	1
20,108	1305.4	443.61	115.299	0.6627	150000.0	1
20,109	1305.45	443.57	115.263	1.9418	150000.0	1
20,110	1305.5	443.57	115.267	1.8726	150000.0	1
20,111	1305.55	443.57	115.271	1.8046	150000.0	1
20,112	1305.6	443.57	115.275	1.738	150000.0	1
20,113	1305.65	443.57	115.279	1.6725	150000.0	1
20,114	1305.7	443.57	115.284	1.6084	150000.0	1
20,115	1305.75	443.57	115.288	1.5455	150000.0	1
20,116	1305.8	443.57	115.292	1.4838	150000.0	1
20,117	1305.85	443.57	115.296	1.4234	150000.0	1
20,118	1305.9	443.57	115.3	1.3643	150000.0	1
20,119	1305.95	443.57	115.304	1.3064	150000.0	1
20,120	1306.0	443.57	115.308	1.2498	150000.0	1
20,121	1306.05	443.57	115.312	1.1945	150000.0	1
20,122	1306.1	443.57	115.317	1.1404	150000.0	1
20,123	1306.15	443.57	115.321	1.0876	150000.0	1
20,124	1306.2	443.57	115.325	1.036	150000.0	1
20,125	1306.25	443.57	115.329	0.9857	150000.0	1
20,126	1306.3	443.57	115.333	0.9366	150000.0	1
20,127	1306.35	443.57	115.337	0.8888	150000.0	1
20,128	1306.4	443.57	115.341	0.8422	150000.0	1
20,129	1306.45	443.57	115.345	0.7969	150000.0	1
20,130	1306.5	443.57	115.35	0.7529	150000.0	1
20,131	1306.55	443.57	115.354	0.7101	150000.0	1
20,132	1306.6	443.57	115.358	0.6685	150000.0	1
20,133	1306.65	443.53	115.321	1.9513	150000.0	1
20,134	1306.7	443.53	115.325	1.8819	150000.0	1
20,135	1306.75	443.53	115.33	1.8139	150000.0	1
20,136	1306.8	443.53	115.334	1.747	150000.0	1
20,137	1306.85	443.53	115.338	1.6815	150000.0	1
20,138	1306.9	443.53	115.342	1.6172	150000.0	1
20,139	1306.95	443.53	115.346	1.5541	150000.0	1
20,140	1307.0	443.53	115.35	1.4924	150000.0	1
20,141	1307.05	443.53	115.354	1.4318	150000.0	1
20,142	1307.1	443.53	115.358	1.3726	150000.0	1
20,143	1307.15	443.53	115.363	1.3146	150000.0	1
20,144	1307.2	443.53	115.367	1.2578	150000.0	1
20,145	1307.25	443.53	115.371	1.2023	150000.0	1
20,146	1307.3	443.53	115.375	1.1481	150000.0	1
20,147	1307.35	443.53	115.379	1.0951	150000.0	1
20,148	1307.4	443.53	115.383	1.0434	150000.0	1
20,149	1307.45	443.53	115.387	0.9929	150000.0	1
20,150	1307.5	443.53	115.391	0.9437	150000.0	1
20,151	1307.55	443.53	115.396	0.8957	150000.0	1
20,152	1307.6	443.53	115.4	0.849	150000.0	1
20,153	1307.65	443.53	115.404	0.8035	150000.0	1
20,154	1307.7	443.53	115.408	0.7593	150000.0	1
20,155	1307.75	443.53	115.412	0.7164	150000.0	1
20,156	1307.8	443.53	115.416	0.6747	150000.0	1
20,157	1307.85	443.49	115.379	1.9611	150000.0	1
20,158	1307.9	443.49	115.384	1.8916	150000.0	1
20,159	1307.95	443.49	115.388	1.8234	150000.0	1
20,160	1308.0	443.49	115.392	1.7564	150000.0	1
20,161	1308.05	443.49	115.396	1.6907	150000.0	1
20,162	1308.1	443.49	115.4	1.6263	150000.0	1
20,163	1308.15	443.49	115.404	1.5631	150000.0	1
20,164	1308.2	443.49	115.408	1.5012	150000.0	1
20,165	1308.25	443.49	115.412	1.4405	150000.0	1
20,166	1308.3	443.49	115.417	1.3811	150000.0	1
20,167	1308.35	443.49	115.421	1.3229	150000.0	1
20,168	1308.4	443.49	115.425	1.266	150000.0	1
20,169	1308.45	443.49	115.429	1.2104	150000.0	1
20,170	1308.5	443.49	115.433	1.156	150000.0	1
20,171	1308.55	443.49	115.437	1.1028	150000.0	1
20,172	1308.6	443.49	115.441	1.051	150000.0	1
20,173	1308.65	443.49	115.445	1.0003	150000.0	1
20,174	1308.7	443.49	115.45	0.951	150000.0	1
20,175	1308.75	443.49	115.454	0.9028	150000.0	1
20,176	1308.8	443.49	115.458	0.856	150000.0	1
20,177	1308.85	443.49	115.462	0.8103	150000.0	1
20,178	1308.9	443.49	115.466	0.766	150000.0	1
20,179	1308.95	443.49	115.47	0.7229	150000.0	1
20,180	1309.0	443.49	115.474	0.681	150000.0	1
20,181	1309.05	443.44	115.437	1.971	150000.0	1
20,182	1309.1	443.44	115.442	1.9014	150000.0	1
20,183	1309.15	443.44	115.446	1.833	150000.0	1
20,184	1309.2	443.44	115.45	1.7659	150000.0	1
20,185	1309.25	443.44	115.454	1.7001	150000.0	1
20,186	1309.3	443.44	115.458	1.6355	150000.0	1
20,187	1309.35	443.44	115.462	1.5722	150000.0	1
20,188	1309.4	443.44	115.466	1.5101	150000.0	1
20,189	1309.45	443.44	115.471	1.4493	150000.0	1
20,190	1309.5	443.44	115.475	1.3897	150000.0	1
20,191	1309.55	443.44	115.479	1.3314	150000.0	1
20,192	1309.6	443.44	115.483	1.2744	150000.0	1
20,193	1309.65	443.44	115.487	1.2186	150000.0	1
20,194	1309.7	443.44	115.491	1.164	150000.0	1
20,195	1309.75	443.44	115.495	1.1107	150000.0	1
20,196	1309.8	443.44	115.499	1.0587	150000.0	1
20,197	1309.85	443.44	115.504	1.0079	150000.0	1
20,198	1309.9	443.44	115.508	0.9584	150000.0	1
20,199	1309.95	443.44	115.512	0.9101	150000.0	1
20,200	1310.0	443.44	115.516	0.8631	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →