Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

19,901–20,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
19,901	1295.05	443.95	114.765	1.451	150000.0	1
19,902	1295.1	443.95	114.769	1.391	150000.0	1
19,903	1295.15	443.95	114.773	1.3322	150000.0	1
19,904	1295.2	443.95	114.777	1.2747	150000.0	1
19,905	1295.25	443.95	114.782	1.2185	150000.0	1
19,906	1295.3	443.95	114.786	1.1636	150000.0	1
19,907	1295.35	443.95	114.79	1.11	150000.0	1
19,908	1295.4	443.95	114.794	1.0576	150000.0	1
19,909	1295.45	443.95	114.798	1.0064	150000.0	1
19,910	1295.5	443.95	114.802	0.9566	150000.0	1
19,911	1295.55	443.95	114.806	0.908	150000.0	1
19,912	1295.6	443.95	114.81	0.8607	150000.0	1
19,913	1295.65	443.95	114.815	0.8147	150000.0	1
19,914	1295.7	443.95	114.819	0.7699	150000.0	1
19,915	1295.75	443.95	114.823	0.7264	150000.0	1
19,916	1295.8	443.95	114.827	0.6841	150000.0	1
19,917	1295.85	443.95	114.831	0.6432	150000.0	1
19,918	1295.9	443.91	114.796	1.8916	150000.0	1
19,919	1295.95	443.91	114.8	1.823	150000.0	1
19,920	1296.0	443.91	114.804	1.7557	150000.0	1
19,921	1296.05	443.91	114.808	1.6896	150000.0	1
19,922	1296.1	443.91	114.812	1.6248	150000.0	1
19,923	1296.15	443.91	114.816	1.5613	150000.0	1
19,924	1296.2	443.91	114.82	1.499	150000.0	1
19,925	1296.25	443.91	114.825	1.438	150000.0	1
19,926	1296.3	443.91	114.829	1.3783	150000.0	1
19,927	1296.35	443.91	114.833	1.3199	150000.0	1
19,928	1296.4	443.91	114.837	1.2627	150000.0	1
19,929	1296.45	443.91	114.841	1.2068	150000.0	1
19,930	1296.5	443.91	114.845	1.1522	150000.0	1
19,931	1296.55	443.91	114.849	1.0988	150000.0	1
19,932	1296.6	443.91	114.853	1.0467	150000.0	1
19,933	1296.65	443.91	114.858	0.9959	150000.0	1
19,934	1296.7	443.91	114.862	0.9463	150000.0	1
19,935	1296.75	443.91	114.866	0.8981	150000.0	1
19,936	1296.8	443.91	114.87	0.851	150000.0	1
19,937	1296.85	443.91	114.874	0.8053	150000.0	1
19,938	1296.9	443.91	114.878	0.7608	150000.0	1
19,939	1296.95	443.91	114.882	0.7176	150000.0	1
19,940	1297.0	443.91	114.886	0.6756	150000.0	1
19,941	1297.05	443.91	114.891	0.6349	150000.0	1
19,942	1297.1	443.86	114.855	1.8876	150000.0	1
19,943	1297.15	443.86	114.859	1.8191	150000.0	1
19,944	1297.2	443.86	114.863	1.7519	150000.0	1
19,945	1297.25	443.86	114.867	1.6859	150000.0	1
19,946	1297.3	443.86	114.872	1.6213	150000.0	1
19,947	1297.35	443.86	114.876	1.5578	150000.0	1
19,948	1297.4	443.86	114.88	1.4957	150000.0	1
19,949	1297.45	443.86	114.884	1.4348	150000.0	1
19,950	1297.5	443.86	114.888	1.3752	150000.0	1
19,951	1297.55	443.86	114.892	1.3169	150000.0	1
19,952	1297.6	443.86	114.896	1.2598	150000.0	1
19,953	1297.65	443.86	114.9	1.204	150000.0	1
19,954	1297.7	443.86	114.905	1.1494	150000.0	1
19,955	1297.75	443.86	114.909	1.0962	150000.0	1
19,956	1297.8	443.86	114.913	1.0442	150000.0	1
19,957	1297.85	443.86	114.917	0.9935	150000.0	1
19,958	1297.9	443.86	114.921	0.944	150000.0	1
19,959	1297.95	443.86	114.925	0.8958	150000.0	1
19,960	1298.0	443.86	114.929	0.8489	150000.0	1
19,961	1298.05	443.86	114.933	0.8032	150000.0	1
19,962	1298.1	443.86	114.938	0.7588	150000.0	1
19,963	1298.15	443.86	114.942	0.7157	150000.0	1
19,964	1298.2	443.86	114.946	0.6738	150000.0	1
19,965	1298.25	443.82	114.91	1.9289	150000.0	1
19,966	1298.3	443.82	114.914	1.8597	150000.0	1
19,967	1298.35	443.82	114.918	1.7917	150000.0	1
19,968	1298.4	443.82	114.923	1.7251	150000.0	1
19,969	1298.45	443.82	114.927	1.6597	150000.0	1
19,970	1298.5	443.82	114.931	1.5955	150000.0	1
19,971	1298.55	443.82	114.935	1.5326	150000.0	1
19,972	1298.6	443.82	114.939	1.471	150000.0	1
19,973	1298.65	443.82	114.943	1.4107	150000.0	1
19,974	1298.7	443.82	114.947	1.3516	150000.0	1
19,975	1298.75	443.82	114.951	1.2938	150000.0	1
19,976	1298.8	443.82	114.956	1.2373	150000.0	1
19,977	1298.85	443.82	114.96	1.1821	150000.0	1
19,978	1298.9	443.82	114.964	1.1281	150000.0	1
19,979	1298.95	443.82	114.968	1.0753	150000.0	1
19,980	1299.0	443.82	114.972	1.0239	150000.0	1
19,981	1299.05	443.82	114.976	0.9737	150000.0	1
19,982	1299.1	443.82	114.98	0.9247	150000.0	1
19,983	1299.15	443.82	114.984	0.8771	150000.0	1
19,984	1299.2	443.82	114.989	0.8307	150000.0	1
19,985	1299.25	443.82	114.993	0.7855	150000.0	1
19,986	1299.3	443.82	114.997	0.7416	150000.0	1
19,987	1299.35	443.82	115.001	0.699	150000.0	1
19,988	1299.4	443.82	115.005	0.6577	150000.0	1
19,989	1299.45	443.78	114.969	1.9173	150000.0	1
19,990	1299.5	443.78	114.973	1.8483	150000.0	1
19,991	1299.55	443.78	114.978	1.7806	150000.0	1
19,992	1299.6	443.78	114.982	1.7142	150000.0	1
19,993	1299.65	443.78	114.986	1.649	150000.0	1
19,994	1299.7	443.78	114.99	1.5851	150000.0	1
19,995	1299.75	443.78	114.994	1.5225	150000.0	1
19,996	1299.8	443.78	114.998	1.4612	150000.0	1
19,997	1299.85	443.78	115.002	1.4011	150000.0	1
19,998	1299.9	443.78	115.006	1.3422	150000.0	1
19,999	1299.95	443.78	115.011	1.2847	150000.0	1
20,000	1300.0	443.78	115.015	1.2284	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →