Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

19,701–19,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
19,701	1285.05	444.31	114.29	0.8161	150000.0	1
19,702	1285.1	444.31	114.294	0.7711	150000.0	1
19,703	1285.15	444.31	114.298	0.7273	150000.0	1
19,704	1285.2	444.31	114.302	0.6848	150000.0	1
19,705	1285.25	444.31	114.306	0.6436	150000.0	1
19,706	1285.3	444.31	114.31	0.6037	150000.0	1
19,707	1285.35	444.27	114.276	1.8182	150000.0	1
19,708	1285.4	444.27	114.28	1.7506	150000.0	1
19,709	1285.45	444.27	114.284	1.6843	150000.0	1
19,710	1285.5	444.27	114.288	1.6193	150000.0	1
19,711	1285.55	444.27	114.293	1.5555	150000.0	1
19,712	1285.6	444.27	114.297	1.4931	150000.0	1
19,713	1285.65	444.27	114.301	1.4319	150000.0	1
19,714	1285.7	444.27	114.305	1.372	150000.0	1
19,715	1285.75	444.27	114.309	1.3134	150000.0	1
19,716	1285.8	444.27	114.313	1.2561	150000.0	1
19,717	1285.85	444.27	114.317	1.2	150000.0	1
19,718	1285.9	444.27	114.321	1.1453	150000.0	1
19,719	1285.95	444.27	114.325	1.0918	150000.0	1
19,720	1286.0	444.27	114.33	1.0396	150000.0	1
19,721	1286.05	444.27	114.334	0.9887	150000.0	1
19,722	1286.1	444.27	114.338	0.9391	150000.0	1
19,723	1286.15	444.27	114.342	0.8908	150000.0	1
19,724	1286.2	444.27	114.346	0.8437	150000.0	1
19,725	1286.25	444.27	114.35	0.7979	150000.0	1
19,726	1286.3	444.27	114.354	0.7534	150000.0	1
19,727	1286.35	444.27	114.358	0.7102	150000.0	1
19,728	1286.4	444.27	114.363	0.6682	150000.0	1
19,729	1286.45	444.27	114.367	0.6276	150000.0	1
19,730	1286.5	444.23	114.332	1.8451	150000.0	1
19,731	1286.55	444.23	114.337	1.7771	150000.0	1
19,732	1286.6	444.23	114.341	1.7103	150000.0	1
19,733	1286.65	444.23	114.345	1.6448	150000.0	1
19,734	1286.7	444.23	114.349	1.5806	150000.0	1
19,735	1286.75	444.23	114.353	1.5176	150000.0	1
19,736	1286.8	444.23	114.357	1.456	150000.0	1
19,737	1286.85	444.23	114.361	1.3956	150000.0	1
19,738	1286.9	444.23	114.365	1.3365	150000.0	1
19,739	1286.95	444.23	114.37	1.2787	150000.0	1
19,740	1287.0	444.23	114.374	1.2222	150000.0	1
19,741	1287.05	444.23	114.378	1.167	150000.0	1
19,742	1287.1	444.23	114.382	1.113	150000.0	1
19,743	1287.15	444.23	114.386	1.0604	150000.0	1
19,744	1287.2	444.23	114.39	1.009	150000.0	1
19,745	1287.25	444.23	114.394	0.9589	150000.0	1
19,746	1287.3	444.23	114.398	0.91	150000.0	1
19,747	1287.35	444.23	114.403	0.8625	150000.0	1
19,748	1287.4	444.23	114.407	0.8162	150000.0	1
19,749	1287.45	444.23	114.411	0.7712	150000.0	1
19,750	1287.5	444.23	114.415	0.7275	150000.0	1
19,751	1287.55	444.23	114.419	0.685	150000.0	1
19,752	1287.6	444.23	114.423	0.6439	150000.0	1
19,753	1287.65	444.19	114.389	1.8647	150000.0	1
19,754	1287.7	444.19	114.393	1.7963	150000.0	1
19,755	1287.75	444.19	114.397	1.7292	150000.0	1
19,756	1287.8	444.19	114.401	1.6634	150000.0	1
19,757	1287.85	444.19	114.405	1.5989	150000.0	1
19,758	1287.9	444.19	114.409	1.5356	150000.0	1
19,759	1287.95	444.19	114.414	1.4736	150000.0	1
19,760	1288.0	444.19	114.418	1.4129	150000.0	1
19,761	1288.05	444.19	114.422	1.3535	150000.0	1
19,762	1288.1	444.19	114.426	1.2954	150000.0	1
19,763	1288.15	444.19	114.43	1.2385	150000.0	1
19,764	1288.2	444.19	114.434	1.1829	150000.0	1
19,765	1288.25	444.19	114.438	1.1286	150000.0	1
19,766	1288.3	444.19	114.442	1.0756	150000.0	1
19,767	1288.35	444.19	114.446	1.0239	150000.0	1
19,768	1288.4	444.19	114.451	0.9734	150000.0	1
19,769	1288.45	444.19	114.455	0.9242	150000.0	1
19,770	1288.5	444.19	114.459	0.8763	150000.0	1
19,771	1288.55	444.19	114.463	0.8297	150000.0	1
19,772	1288.6	444.19	114.467	0.7844	150000.0	1
19,773	1288.65	444.19	114.471	0.7403	150000.0	1
19,774	1288.7	444.19	114.475	0.6975	150000.0	1
19,775	1288.75	444.19	114.479	0.656	150000.0	1
19,776	1288.8	444.19	114.484	0.6157	150000.0	1
19,777	1288.85	444.15	114.449	1.8416	150000.0	1
19,778	1288.9	444.15	114.453	1.7737	150000.0	1
19,779	1288.95	444.15	114.457	1.7071	150000.0	1
19,780	1289.0	444.15	114.461	1.6417	150000.0	1
19,781	1289.05	444.15	114.466	1.5776	150000.0	1
19,782	1289.1	444.15	114.47	1.5148	150000.0	1
19,783	1289.15	444.15	114.474	1.4533	150000.0	1
19,784	1289.2	444.15	114.478	1.3931	150000.0	1
19,785	1289.25	444.15	114.482	1.3341	150000.0	1
19,786	1289.3	444.15	114.486	1.2764	150000.0	1
19,787	1289.35	444.15	114.49	1.22	150000.0	1
19,788	1289.4	444.15	114.494	1.1649	150000.0	1
19,789	1289.45	444.15	114.499	1.1111	150000.0	1
19,790	1289.5	444.15	114.503	1.0585	150000.0	1
19,791	1289.55	444.15	114.507	1.0072	150000.0	1
19,792	1289.6	444.15	114.511	0.9572	150000.0	1
19,793	1289.65	444.15	114.515	0.9085	150000.0	1
19,794	1289.7	444.15	114.519	0.861	150000.0	1
19,795	1289.75	444.15	114.523	0.8148	150000.0	1
19,796	1289.8	444.15	114.527	0.7699	150000.0	1
19,797	1289.85	444.15	114.532	0.7263	150000.0	1
19,798	1289.9	444.15	114.536	0.6839	150000.0	1
19,799	1289.95	444.15	114.54	0.6428	150000.0	1
19,800	1290.0	444.11	114.505	1.8717	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →