Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

19,601–19,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
19,601	1280.05	444.47	114.029	1.1887	150000.0	1
19,602	1280.1	444.47	114.033	1.1341	150000.0	1
19,603	1280.15	444.47	114.037	1.0807	150000.0	1
19,604	1280.2	444.47	114.041	1.0286	150000.0	1
19,605	1280.25	444.47	114.045	0.9779	150000.0	1
19,606	1280.3	444.47	114.05	0.9284	150000.0	1
19,607	1280.35	444.47	114.054	0.8802	150000.0	1
19,608	1280.4	444.47	114.058	0.8333	150000.0	1
19,609	1280.45	444.47	114.062	0.7877	150000.0	1
19,610	1280.5	444.47	114.066	0.7433	150000.0	1
19,611	1280.55	444.47	114.07	0.7003	150000.0	1
19,612	1280.6	444.47	114.074	0.6585	150000.0	1
19,613	1280.65	444.47	114.078	0.618	150000.0	1
19,614	1280.7	444.43	114.045	1.8162	150000.0	1
19,615	1280.75	444.43	114.049	1.7485	150000.0	1
19,616	1280.8	444.43	114.053	1.6821	150000.0	1
19,617	1280.85	444.43	114.057	1.6169	150000.0	1
19,618	1280.9	444.43	114.061	1.5531	150000.0	1
19,619	1280.95	444.43	114.065	1.4905	150000.0	1
19,620	1281.0	444.43	114.07	1.4293	150000.0	1
19,621	1281.05	444.43	114.074	1.3693	150000.0	1
19,622	1281.1	444.43	114.078	1.3106	150000.0	1
19,623	1281.15	444.43	114.082	1.2533	150000.0	1
19,624	1281.2	444.43	114.086	1.1972	150000.0	1
19,625	1281.25	444.43	114.09	1.1423	150000.0	1
19,626	1281.3	444.43	114.094	1.0888	150000.0	1
19,627	1281.35	444.43	114.098	1.0366	150000.0	1
19,628	1281.4	444.43	114.103	0.9857	150000.0	1
19,629	1281.45	444.43	114.107	0.936	150000.0	1
19,630	1281.5	444.43	114.111	0.8876	150000.0	1
19,631	1281.55	444.43	114.115	0.8405	150000.0	1
19,632	1281.6	444.43	114.119	0.7947	150000.0	1
19,633	1281.65	444.43	114.123	0.7502	150000.0	1
19,634	1281.7	444.43	114.127	0.707	150000.0	1
19,635	1281.75	444.43	114.131	0.665	150000.0	1
19,636	1281.8	444.43	114.135	0.6244	150000.0	1
19,637	1281.85	444.39	114.102	1.8263	150000.0	1
19,638	1281.9	444.39	114.106	1.7584	150000.0	1
19,639	1281.95	444.39	114.11	1.6918	150000.0	1
19,640	1282.0	444.39	114.114	1.6265	150000.0	1
19,641	1282.05	444.39	114.118	1.5625	150000.0	1
19,642	1282.1	444.39	114.122	1.4998	150000.0	1
19,643	1282.15	444.39	114.127	1.4384	150000.0	1
19,644	1282.2	444.39	114.131	1.3783	150000.0	1
19,645	1282.25	444.39	114.135	1.3194	150000.0	1
19,646	1282.3	444.39	114.139	1.2619	150000.0	1
19,647	1282.35	444.39	114.143	1.2056	150000.0	1
19,648	1282.4	444.39	114.147	1.1507	150000.0	1
19,649	1282.45	444.39	114.151	1.097	150000.0	1
19,650	1282.5	444.39	114.155	1.0446	150000.0	1
19,651	1282.55	444.39	114.159	0.9935	150000.0	1
19,652	1282.6	444.39	114.164	0.9436	150000.0	1
19,653	1282.65	444.39	114.168	0.8951	150000.0	1
19,654	1282.7	444.39	114.172	0.8478	150000.0	1
19,655	1282.75	444.39	114.176	0.8019	150000.0	1
19,656	1282.8	444.39	114.18	0.7572	150000.0	1
19,657	1282.85	444.39	114.184	0.7138	150000.0	1
19,658	1282.9	444.39	114.188	0.6716	150000.0	1
19,659	1282.95	444.39	114.192	0.6308	150000.0	1
19,660	1283.0	444.35	114.159	1.8363	150000.0	1
19,661	1283.05	444.35	114.163	1.7683	150000.0	1
19,662	1283.1	444.35	114.167	1.7016	150000.0	1
19,663	1283.15	444.35	114.171	1.6362	150000.0	1
19,664	1283.2	444.35	114.175	1.572	150000.0	1
19,665	1283.25	444.35	114.179	1.5091	150000.0	1
19,666	1283.3	444.35	114.183	1.4476	150000.0	1
19,667	1283.35	444.35	114.187	1.3873	150000.0	1
19,668	1283.4	444.35	114.192	1.3283	150000.0	1
19,669	1283.45	444.35	114.196	1.2706	150000.0	1
19,670	1283.5	444.35	114.2	1.2141	150000.0	1
19,671	1283.55	444.35	114.204	1.159	150000.0	1
19,672	1283.6	444.35	114.208	1.1051	150000.0	1
19,673	1283.65	444.35	114.212	1.0526	150000.0	1
19,674	1283.7	444.35	114.216	1.0013	150000.0	1
19,675	1283.75	444.35	114.22	0.9513	150000.0	1
19,676	1283.8	444.35	114.225	0.9026	150000.0	1
19,677	1283.85	444.35	114.229	0.8551	150000.0	1
19,678	1283.9	444.35	114.233	0.809	150000.0	1
19,679	1283.95	444.35	114.237	0.7641	150000.0	1
19,680	1284.0	444.35	114.241	0.7205	150000.0	1
19,681	1284.05	444.35	114.245	0.6782	150000.0	1
19,682	1284.1	444.35	114.249	0.6372	150000.0	1
19,683	1284.15	444.31	114.215	1.8464	150000.0	1
19,684	1284.2	444.31	114.219	1.7783	150000.0	1
19,685	1284.25	444.31	114.224	1.7114	150000.0	1
19,686	1284.3	444.31	114.228	1.6458	150000.0	1
19,687	1284.35	444.31	114.232	1.5815	150000.0	1
19,688	1284.4	444.31	114.236	1.5184	150000.0	1
19,689	1284.45	444.31	114.24	1.4567	150000.0	1
19,690	1284.5	444.31	114.244	1.3963	150000.0	1
19,691	1284.55	444.31	114.248	1.3371	150000.0	1
19,692	1284.6	444.31	114.252	1.2792	150000.0	1
19,693	1284.65	444.31	114.257	1.2226	150000.0	1
19,694	1284.7	444.31	114.261	1.1673	150000.0	1
19,695	1284.75	444.31	114.265	1.1133	150000.0	1
19,696	1284.8	444.31	114.269	1.0606	150000.0	1
19,697	1284.85	444.31	114.273	1.0091	150000.0	1
19,698	1284.9	444.31	114.277	0.959	150000.0	1
19,699	1284.95	444.31	114.281	0.9101	150000.0	1
19,700	1285.0	444.31	114.285	0.8625	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →