Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

19,401–19,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
19,401	1270.05	444.82	113.538	0.7778	150000.0	1
19,402	1270.1	444.82	113.542	0.7336	150000.0	1
19,403	1270.15	444.82	113.546	0.6906	150000.0	1
19,404	1270.2	444.82	113.55	0.6489	150000.0	1
19,405	1270.25	444.82	113.555	0.6086	150000.0	1
19,406	1270.3	444.82	113.559	0.5695	150000.0	1
19,407	1270.35	444.78	113.526	1.7333	150000.0	1
19,408	1270.4	444.78	113.53	1.6668	150000.0	1
19,409	1270.45	444.78	113.535	1.6017	150000.0	1
19,410	1270.5	444.78	113.539	1.5379	150000.0	1
19,411	1270.55	444.78	113.543	1.4753	150000.0	1
19,412	1270.6	444.78	113.547	1.4141	150000.0	1
19,413	1270.65	444.78	113.551	1.3541	150000.0	1
19,414	1270.7	444.78	113.555	1.2955	150000.0	1
19,415	1270.75	444.78	113.559	1.2382	150000.0	1
19,416	1270.8	444.78	113.563	1.1822	150000.0	1
19,417	1270.85	444.78	113.568	1.1274	150000.0	1
19,418	1270.9	444.78	113.572	1.074	150000.0	1
19,419	1270.95	444.78	113.576	1.0219	150000.0	1
19,420	1271.0	444.78	113.58	0.9711	150000.0	1
19,421	1271.05	444.78	113.584	0.9215	150000.0	1
19,422	1271.1	444.78	113.588	0.8733	150000.0	1
19,423	1271.15	444.78	113.592	0.8264	150000.0	1
19,424	1271.2	444.78	113.596	0.7808	150000.0	1
19,425	1271.25	444.78	113.6	0.7364	150000.0	1
19,426	1271.3	444.78	113.605	0.6934	150000.0	1
19,427	1271.35	444.78	113.609	0.6517	150000.0	1
19,428	1271.4	444.78	113.613	0.6112	150000.0	1
19,429	1271.45	444.78	113.617	0.5721	150000.0	1
19,430	1271.5	444.74	113.584	1.7399	150000.0	1
19,431	1271.55	444.74	113.589	1.6733	150000.0	1
19,432	1271.6	444.74	113.593	1.6081	150000.0	1
19,433	1271.65	444.74	113.597	1.5442	150000.0	1
19,434	1271.7	444.74	113.601	1.4815	150000.0	1
19,435	1271.75	444.74	113.605	1.4202	150000.0	1
19,436	1271.8	444.74	113.609	1.3601	150000.0	1
19,437	1271.85	444.74	113.613	1.3014	150000.0	1
19,438	1271.9	444.74	113.617	1.244	150000.0	1
19,439	1271.95	444.74	113.622	1.1879	150000.0	1
19,440	1272.0	444.74	113.626	1.133	150000.0	1
19,441	1272.05	444.74	113.63	1.0795	150000.0	1
19,442	1272.1	444.74	113.634	1.0273	150000.0	1
19,443	1272.15	444.74	113.638	0.9763	150000.0	1
19,444	1272.2	444.74	113.642	0.9267	150000.0	1
19,445	1272.25	444.74	113.646	0.8784	150000.0	1
19,446	1272.3	444.74	113.65	0.8313	150000.0	1
19,447	1272.35	444.74	113.654	0.7856	150000.0	1
19,448	1272.4	444.74	113.659	0.7411	150000.0	1
19,449	1272.45	444.74	113.663	0.698	150000.0	1
19,450	1272.5	444.74	113.667	0.6561	150000.0	1
19,451	1272.55	444.74	113.671	0.6156	150000.0	1
19,452	1272.6	444.74	113.675	0.5763	150000.0	1
19,453	1272.65	444.7	113.643	1.748	150000.0	1
19,454	1272.7	444.7	113.647	1.6814	150000.0	1
19,455	1272.75	444.7	113.651	1.616	150000.0	1
19,456	1272.8	444.7	113.655	1.5519	150000.0	1
19,457	1272.85	444.7	113.659	1.4892	150000.0	1
19,458	1272.9	444.7	113.663	1.4277	150000.0	1
19,459	1272.95	444.7	113.667	1.3675	150000.0	1
19,460	1273.0	444.7	113.671	1.3087	150000.0	1
19,461	1273.05	444.7	113.675	1.2511	150000.0	1
19,462	1273.1	444.7	113.68	1.1949	150000.0	1
19,463	1273.15	444.7	113.684	1.1399	150000.0	1
19,464	1273.2	444.7	113.688	1.0862	150000.0	1
19,465	1273.25	444.7	113.692	1.0339	150000.0	1
19,466	1273.3	444.7	113.696	0.9828	150000.0	1
19,467	1273.35	444.7	113.7	0.933	150000.0	1
19,468	1273.4	444.7	113.704	0.8845	150000.0	1
19,469	1273.45	444.7	113.708	0.8374	150000.0	1
19,470	1273.5	444.7	113.712	0.7915	150000.0	1
19,471	1273.55	444.7	113.717	0.7469	150000.0	1
19,472	1273.6	444.7	113.721	0.7036	150000.0	1
19,473	1273.65	444.7	113.725	0.6616	150000.0	1
19,474	1273.7	444.7	113.729	0.6209	150000.0	1
19,475	1273.75	444.7	113.733	0.5815	150000.0	1
19,476	1273.8	444.66	113.7	1.757	150000.0	1
19,477	1273.85	444.66	113.704	1.6902	150000.0	1
19,478	1273.9	444.66	113.709	1.6247	150000.0	1
19,479	1273.95	444.66	113.713	1.5605	150000.0	1
19,480	1274.0	444.66	113.717	1.4976	150000.0	1
19,481	1274.05	444.66	113.721	1.436	150000.0	1
19,482	1274.1	444.66	113.725	1.3757	150000.0	1
19,483	1274.15	444.66	113.729	1.3167	150000.0	1
19,484	1274.2	444.66	113.733	1.259	150000.0	1
19,485	1274.25	444.66	113.737	1.2026	150000.0	1
19,486	1274.3	444.66	113.742	1.1475	150000.0	1
19,487	1274.35	444.66	113.746	1.0936	150000.0	1
19,488	1274.4	444.66	113.75	1.0411	150000.0	1
19,489	1274.45	444.66	113.754	0.9899	150000.0	1
19,490	1274.5	444.66	113.758	0.94	150000.0	1
19,491	1274.55	444.66	113.762	0.8913	150000.0	1
19,492	1274.6	444.66	113.766	0.844	150000.0	1
19,493	1274.65	444.66	113.77	0.798	150000.0	1
19,494	1274.7	444.66	113.774	0.7532	150000.0	1
19,495	1274.75	444.66	113.779	0.7097	150000.0	1
19,496	1274.8	444.66	113.783	0.6676	150000.0	1
19,497	1274.85	444.66	113.787	0.6267	150000.0	1
19,498	1274.9	444.66	113.791	0.5871	150000.0	1
19,499	1274.95	444.63	113.758	1.7665	150000.0	1
19,500	1275.0	444.63	113.762	1.6996	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →