Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

19,201–19,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
19,201	1260.05	445.15	113.036	0.5777	150000.0	1
19,202	1260.1	445.15	113.041	0.5395	150000.0	1
19,203	1260.15	445.12	113.01	1.6679	150000.0	1
19,204	1260.2	445.12	113.014	1.6024	150000.0	1
19,205	1260.25	445.12	113.018	1.5383	150000.0	1
19,206	1260.3	445.12	113.022	1.4754	150000.0	1
19,207	1260.35	445.12	113.026	1.4139	150000.0	1
19,208	1260.4	445.12	113.03	1.3537	150000.0	1
19,209	1260.45	445.12	113.034	1.2948	150000.0	1
19,210	1260.5	445.12	113.038	1.2372	150000.0	1
19,211	1260.55	445.12	113.042	1.1809	150000.0	1
19,212	1260.6	445.12	113.047	1.126	150000.0	1
19,213	1260.65	445.12	113.051	1.0724	150000.0	1
19,214	1260.7	445.12	113.055	1.02	150000.0	1
19,215	1260.75	445.12	113.059	0.969	150000.0	1
19,216	1260.8	445.12	113.063	0.9193	150000.0	1
19,217	1260.85	445.12	113.067	0.8709	150000.0	1
19,218	1260.9	445.12	113.071	0.8238	150000.0	1
19,219	1260.95	445.12	113.075	0.7781	150000.0	1
19,220	1261.0	445.12	113.079	0.7336	150000.0	1
19,221	1261.05	445.12	113.084	0.6905	150000.0	1
19,222	1261.1	445.12	113.088	0.6486	150000.0	1
19,223	1261.15	445.12	113.092	0.6081	150000.0	1
19,224	1261.2	445.12	113.096	0.5688	150000.0	1
19,225	1261.25	445.08	113.065	1.7002	150000.0	1
19,226	1261.3	445.08	113.069	1.6341	150000.0	1
19,227	1261.35	445.08	113.073	1.5693	150000.0	1
19,228	1261.4	445.08	113.077	1.5059	150000.0	1
19,229	1261.45	445.08	113.081	1.4437	150000.0	1
19,230	1261.5	445.08	113.085	1.3829	150000.0	1
19,231	1261.55	445.08	113.089	1.3234	150000.0	1
19,232	1261.6	445.08	113.094	1.2652	150000.0	1
19,233	1261.65	445.08	113.098	1.2083	150000.0	1
19,234	1261.7	445.08	113.102	1.1527	150000.0	1
19,235	1261.75	445.08	113.106	1.0985	150000.0	1
19,236	1261.8	445.08	113.11	1.0455	150000.0	1
19,237	1261.85	445.08	113.114	0.9939	150000.0	1
19,238	1261.9	445.08	113.118	0.9436	150000.0	1
19,239	1261.95	445.08	113.122	0.8946	150000.0	1
19,240	1262.0	445.08	113.126	0.8469	150000.0	1
19,241	1262.05	445.08	113.131	0.8005	150000.0	1
19,242	1262.1	445.08	113.135	0.7554	150000.0	1
19,243	1262.15	445.08	113.139	0.7116	150000.0	1
19,244	1262.2	445.08	113.143	0.6692	150000.0	1
19,245	1262.25	445.08	113.147	0.628	150000.0	1
19,246	1262.3	445.08	113.151	0.5881	150000.0	1
19,247	1262.35	445.08	113.155	0.5496	150000.0	1
19,248	1262.4	445.04	113.124	1.6858	150000.0	1
19,249	1262.45	445.04	113.128	1.62	150000.0	1
19,250	1262.5	445.04	113.132	1.5556	150000.0	1
19,251	1262.55	445.04	113.136	1.4924	150000.0	1
19,252	1262.6	445.04	113.14	1.4306	150000.0	1
19,253	1262.65	445.04	113.145	1.3701	150000.0	1
19,254	1262.7	445.04	113.149	1.3109	150000.0	1
19,255	1262.75	445.04	113.153	1.253	150000.0	1
19,256	1262.8	445.04	113.157	1.1964	150000.0	1
19,257	1262.85	445.04	113.161	1.1412	150000.0	1
19,258	1262.9	445.04	113.165	1.0872	150000.0	1
19,259	1262.95	445.04	113.169	1.0346	150000.0	1
19,260	1263.0	445.04	113.173	0.9833	150000.0	1
19,261	1263.05	445.04	113.177	0.9332	150000.0	1
19,262	1263.1	445.04	113.182	0.8845	150000.0	1
19,263	1263.15	445.04	113.186	0.8371	150000.0	1
19,264	1263.2	445.04	113.19	0.791	150000.0	1
19,265	1263.25	445.04	113.194	0.7462	150000.0	1
19,266	1263.3	445.04	113.198	0.7028	150000.0	1
19,267	1263.35	445.04	113.202	0.6606	150000.0	1
19,268	1263.4	445.04	113.206	0.6197	150000.0	1
19,269	1263.45	445.04	113.21	0.5801	150000.0	1
19,270	1263.5	445.0	113.179	1.7191	150000.0	1
19,271	1263.55	445.0	113.183	1.6528	150000.0	1
19,272	1263.6	445.0	113.187	1.5877	150000.0	1
19,273	1263.65	445.0	113.191	1.5239	150000.0	1
19,274	1263.7	445.0	113.195	1.4615	150000.0	1
19,275	1263.75	445.0	113.199	1.4003	150000.0	1
19,276	1263.8	445.0	113.204	1.3405	150000.0	1
19,277	1263.85	445.0	113.208	1.282	150000.0	1
19,278	1263.9	445.0	113.212	1.2248	150000.0	1
19,279	1263.95	445.0	113.216	1.1689	150000.0	1
19,280	1264.0	445.0	113.22	1.1143	150000.0	1
19,281	1264.05	445.0	113.224	1.061	150000.0	1
19,282	1264.1	445.0	113.228	1.0091	150000.0	1
19,283	1264.15	445.0	113.232	0.9584	150000.0	1
19,284	1264.2	445.0	113.236	0.9091	150000.0	1
19,285	1264.25	445.0	113.241	0.861	150000.0	1
19,286	1264.3	445.0	113.245	0.8143	150000.0	1
19,287	1264.35	445.0	113.249	0.7689	150000.0	1
19,288	1264.4	445.0	113.253	0.7247	150000.0	1
19,289	1264.45	445.0	113.257	0.6819	150000.0	1
19,290	1264.5	445.0	113.261	0.6404	150000.0	1
19,291	1264.55	445.0	113.265	0.6002	150000.0	1
19,292	1264.6	445.0	113.269	0.5613	150000.0	1
19,293	1264.65	444.97	113.238	1.7051	150000.0	1
19,294	1264.7	444.97	113.242	1.639	150000.0	1
19,295	1264.75	444.97	113.246	1.5743	150000.0	1
19,296	1264.8	444.97	113.25	1.5108	150000.0	1
19,297	1264.85	444.97	113.254	1.4487	150000.0	1
19,298	1264.9	444.97	113.258	1.3878	150000.0	1
19,299	1264.95	444.97	113.262	1.3283	150000.0	1
19,300	1265.0	444.97	113.267	1.2701	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →