Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

19,001–19,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
19,001	1250.05	445.48	112.524	0.5354	150000.0	1
19,002	1250.1	445.44	112.494	1.6272	150000.0	1
19,003	1250.15	445.44	112.499	1.5622	150000.0	1
19,004	1250.2	445.44	112.503	1.4986	150000.0	1
19,005	1250.25	445.44	112.507	1.4363	150000.0	1
19,006	1250.3	445.44	112.511	1.3753	150000.0	1
19,007	1250.35	445.44	112.515	1.3157	150000.0	1
19,008	1250.4	445.44	112.519	1.2574	150000.0	1
19,009	1250.45	445.44	112.523	1.2004	150000.0	1
19,010	1250.5	445.44	112.527	1.1447	150000.0	1
19,011	1250.55	445.44	112.531	1.0904	150000.0	1
19,012	1250.6	445.44	112.536	1.0374	150000.0	1
19,013	1250.65	445.44	112.54	0.9857	150000.0	1
19,014	1250.7	445.44	112.544	0.9353	150000.0	1
19,015	1250.75	445.44	112.548	0.8863	150000.0	1
19,016	1250.8	445.44	112.552	0.8386	150000.0	1
19,017	1250.85	445.44	112.556	0.7922	150000.0	1
19,018	1250.9	445.44	112.56	0.7471	150000.0	1
19,019	1250.95	445.44	112.564	0.7034	150000.0	1
19,020	1251.0	445.44	112.568	0.6609	150000.0	1
19,021	1251.05	445.44	112.573	0.6198	150000.0	1
19,022	1251.1	445.44	112.577	0.58	150000.0	1
19,023	1251.15	445.44	112.581	0.5416	150000.0	1
19,024	1251.2	445.41	112.551	1.6371	150000.0	1
19,025	1251.25	445.41	112.555	1.572	150000.0	1
19,026	1251.3	445.41	112.559	1.5082	150000.0	1
19,027	1251.35	445.41	112.563	1.4457	150000.0	1
19,028	1251.4	445.41	112.567	1.3846	150000.0	1
19,029	1251.45	445.41	112.571	1.3248	150000.0	1
19,030	1251.5	445.41	112.575	1.2663	150000.0	1
19,031	1251.55	445.41	112.58	1.2091	150000.0	1
19,032	1251.6	445.41	112.584	1.1533	150000.0	1
19,033	1251.65	445.41	112.588	1.0988	150000.0	1
19,034	1251.7	445.41	112.592	1.0456	150000.0	1
19,035	1251.75	445.41	112.596	0.9937	150000.0	1
19,036	1251.8	445.41	112.6	0.9432	150000.0	1
19,037	1251.85	445.41	112.604	0.8939	150000.0	1
19,038	1251.9	445.41	112.608	0.846	150000.0	1
19,039	1251.95	445.41	112.612	0.7995	150000.0	1
19,040	1252.0	445.41	112.617	0.7542	150000.0	1
19,041	1252.05	445.41	112.621	0.7103	150000.0	1
19,042	1252.1	445.41	112.625	0.6676	150000.0	1
19,043	1252.15	445.41	112.629	0.6263	150000.0	1
19,044	1252.2	445.41	112.633	0.5864	150000.0	1
19,045	1252.25	445.41	112.637	0.5477	150000.0	1
19,046	1252.3	445.37	112.607	1.6471	150000.0	1
19,047	1252.35	445.37	112.611	1.5818	150000.0	1
19,048	1252.4	445.37	112.615	1.5178	150000.0	1
19,049	1252.45	445.37	112.619	1.4552	150000.0	1
19,050	1252.5	445.37	112.624	1.3939	150000.0	1
19,051	1252.55	445.37	112.628	1.3339	150000.0	1
19,052	1252.6	445.37	112.632	1.2752	150000.0	1
19,053	1252.65	445.37	112.636	1.2179	150000.0	1
19,054	1252.7	445.37	112.64	1.1619	150000.0	1
19,055	1252.75	445.37	112.644	1.1072	150000.0	1
19,056	1252.8	445.37	112.648	1.0538	150000.0	1
19,057	1252.85	445.37	112.652	1.0017	150000.0	1
19,058	1252.9	445.37	112.656	0.951	150000.0	1
19,059	1252.95	445.37	112.661	0.9016	150000.0	1
19,060	1253.0	445.37	112.665	0.8535	150000.0	1
19,061	1253.05	445.37	112.669	0.8068	150000.0	1
19,062	1253.1	445.37	112.673	0.7613	150000.0	1
19,063	1253.15	445.37	112.677	0.7172	150000.0	1
19,064	1253.2	445.37	112.681	0.6744	150000.0	1
19,065	1253.25	445.37	112.685	0.6329	150000.0	1
19,066	1253.3	445.37	112.689	0.5927	150000.0	1
19,067	1253.35	445.37	112.693	0.5539	150000.0	1
19,068	1253.4	445.33	112.663	1.657	150000.0	1
19,069	1253.45	445.33	112.667	1.5916	150000.0	1
19,070	1253.5	445.33	112.671	1.5274	150000.0	1
19,071	1253.55	445.33	112.676	1.4646	150000.0	1
19,072	1253.6	445.33	112.68	1.4031	150000.0	1
19,073	1253.65	445.33	112.684	1.343	150000.0	1
19,074	1253.7	445.33	112.688	1.2841	150000.0	1
19,075	1253.75	445.33	112.692	1.2266	150000.0	1
19,076	1253.8	445.33	112.696	1.1704	150000.0	1
19,077	1253.85	445.33	112.7	1.1156	150000.0	1
19,078	1253.9	445.33	112.704	1.062	150000.0	1
19,079	1253.95	445.33	112.708	1.0098	150000.0	1
19,080	1254.0	445.33	112.713	0.9589	150000.0	1
19,081	1254.05	445.33	112.717	0.9093	150000.0	1
19,082	1254.1	445.33	112.721	0.861	150000.0	1
19,083	1254.15	445.33	112.725	0.8141	150000.0	1
19,084	1254.2	445.33	112.729	0.7684	150000.0	1
19,085	1254.25	445.33	112.733	0.7241	150000.0	1
19,086	1254.3	445.33	112.737	0.6811	150000.0	1
19,087	1254.35	445.33	112.741	0.6395	150000.0	1
19,088	1254.4	445.33	112.745	0.5991	150000.0	1
19,089	1254.45	445.33	112.75	0.56	150000.0	1
19,090	1254.5	445.33	112.754	0.5223	150000.0	1
19,091	1254.55	445.3	112.723	1.6309	150000.0	1
19,092	1254.6	445.3	112.727	1.566	150000.0	1
19,093	1254.65	445.3	112.732	1.5025	150000.0	1
19,094	1254.7	445.3	112.736	1.4402	150000.0	1
19,095	1254.75	445.3	112.74	1.3793	150000.0	1
19,096	1254.8	445.3	112.744	1.3197	150000.0	1
19,097	1254.85	445.3	112.748	1.2614	150000.0	1
19,098	1254.9	445.3	112.752	1.2044	150000.0	1
19,099	1254.95	445.3	112.756	1.1488	150000.0	1
19,100	1255.0	445.3	112.76	1.0944	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →