Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

18,801–18,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
18,801	1240.05	445.79	112.001	0.5632	150000.0	1
18,802	1240.1	445.79	112.006	0.5251	150000.0	1
18,803	1240.15	445.79	112.01	0.4883	150000.0	1
18,804	1240.2	445.75	111.981	1.5445	150000.0	1
18,805	1240.25	445.75	111.985	1.481	150000.0	1
18,806	1240.3	445.75	111.989	1.4188	150000.0	1
18,807	1240.35	445.75	111.993	1.3579	150000.0	1
18,808	1240.4	445.75	111.998	1.2984	150000.0	1
18,809	1240.45	445.75	112.002	1.2402	150000.0	1
18,810	1240.5	445.75	112.006	1.1834	150000.0	1
18,811	1240.55	445.75	112.01	1.1279	150000.0	1
18,812	1240.6	445.75	112.014	1.0737	150000.0	1
18,813	1240.65	445.75	112.018	1.0209	150000.0	1
18,814	1240.7	445.75	112.022	0.9694	150000.0	1
18,815	1240.75	445.75	112.026	0.9193	150000.0	1
18,816	1240.8	445.75	112.03	0.8704	150000.0	1
18,817	1240.85	445.75	112.035	0.823	150000.0	1
18,818	1240.9	445.75	112.039	0.7768	150000.0	1
18,819	1240.95	445.75	112.043	0.732	150000.0	1
18,820	1241.0	445.75	112.047	0.6885	150000.0	1
18,821	1241.05	445.75	112.051	0.6463	150000.0	1
18,822	1241.1	445.75	112.055	0.6055	150000.0	1
18,823	1241.15	445.75	112.059	0.566	150000.0	1
18,824	1241.2	445.75	112.063	0.5279	150000.0	1
18,825	1241.25	445.75	112.067	0.491	150000.0	1
18,826	1241.3	445.72	112.039	1.5513	150000.0	1
18,827	1241.35	445.72	112.043	1.4877	150000.0	1
18,828	1241.4	445.72	112.047	1.4254	150000.0	1
18,829	1241.45	445.72	112.051	1.3644	150000.0	1
18,830	1241.5	445.72	112.055	1.3048	150000.0	1
18,831	1241.55	445.72	112.059	1.2465	150000.0	1
18,832	1241.6	445.72	112.063	1.1895	150000.0	1
18,833	1241.65	445.72	112.067	1.1339	150000.0	1
18,834	1241.7	445.72	112.072	1.0796	150000.0	1
18,835	1241.75	445.72	112.076	1.0267	150000.0	1
18,836	1241.8	445.72	112.08	0.9751	150000.0	1
18,837	1241.85	445.72	112.084	0.9248	150000.0	1
18,838	1241.9	445.72	112.088	0.8758	150000.0	1
18,839	1241.95	445.72	112.092	0.8282	150000.0	1
18,840	1242.0	445.72	112.096	0.7819	150000.0	1
18,841	1242.05	445.72	112.1	0.737	150000.0	1
18,842	1242.1	445.72	112.104	0.6934	150000.0	1
18,843	1242.15	445.72	112.109	0.6511	150000.0	1
18,844	1242.2	445.72	112.113	0.6101	150000.0	1
18,845	1242.25	445.72	112.117	0.5705	150000.0	1
18,846	1242.3	445.72	112.121	0.5322	150000.0	1
18,847	1242.35	445.72	112.125	0.4952	150000.0	1
18,848	1242.4	445.68	112.096	1.5596	150000.0	1
18,849	1242.45	445.68	112.1	1.4958	150000.0	1
18,850	1242.5	445.68	112.104	1.4333	150000.0	1
18,851	1242.55	445.68	112.108	1.3722	150000.0	1
18,852	1242.6	445.68	112.113	1.3125	150000.0	1
18,853	1242.65	445.68	112.117	1.254	150000.0	1
18,854	1242.7	445.68	112.121	1.1969	150000.0	1
18,855	1242.75	445.68	112.125	1.1411	150000.0	1
18,856	1242.8	445.68	112.129	1.0867	150000.0	1
18,857	1242.85	445.68	112.133	1.0336	150000.0	1
18,858	1242.9	445.68	112.137	0.9818	150000.0	1
18,859	1242.95	445.68	112.141	0.9314	150000.0	1
18,860	1243.0	445.68	112.145	0.8823	150000.0	1
18,861	1243.05	445.68	112.15	0.8345	150000.0	1
18,862	1243.1	445.68	112.154	0.7881	150000.0	1
18,863	1243.15	445.68	112.158	0.743	150000.0	1
18,864	1243.2	445.68	112.162	0.6992	150000.0	1
18,865	1243.25	445.68	112.166	0.6568	150000.0	1
18,866	1243.3	445.68	112.17	0.6157	150000.0	1
18,867	1243.35	445.68	112.174	0.5759	150000.0	1
18,868	1243.4	445.68	112.178	0.5374	150000.0	1
18,869	1243.45	445.68	112.182	0.5003	150000.0	1
18,870	1243.5	445.65	112.153	1.5686	150000.0	1
18,871	1243.55	445.65	112.158	1.5047	150000.0	1
18,872	1243.6	445.65	112.162	1.442	150000.0	1
18,873	1243.65	445.65	112.166	1.3808	150000.0	1
18,874	1243.7	445.65	112.17	1.3208	150000.0	1
18,875	1243.75	445.65	112.174	1.2622	150000.0	1
18,876	1243.8	445.65	112.178	1.205	150000.0	1
18,877	1243.85	445.65	112.182	1.149	150000.0	1
18,878	1243.9	445.65	112.186	1.0944	150000.0	1
18,879	1243.95	445.65	112.19	1.0412	150000.0	1
18,880	1244.0	445.65	112.194	0.9892	150000.0	1
18,881	1244.05	445.65	112.199	0.9386	150000.0	1
18,882	1244.1	445.65	112.203	0.8894	150000.0	1
18,883	1244.15	445.65	112.207	0.8414	150000.0	1
18,884	1244.2	445.65	112.211	0.7948	150000.0	1
18,885	1244.25	445.65	112.215	0.7495	150000.0	1
18,886	1244.3	445.65	112.219	0.7056	150000.0	1
18,887	1244.35	445.65	112.223	0.663	150000.0	1
18,888	1244.4	445.65	112.227	0.6217	150000.0	1
18,889	1244.45	445.65	112.231	0.5817	150000.0	1
18,890	1244.5	445.65	112.236	0.5431	150000.0	1
18,891	1244.55	445.65	112.24	0.5057	150000.0	1
18,892	1244.6	445.62	112.211	1.578	150000.0	1
18,893	1244.65	445.62	112.215	1.5139	150000.0	1
18,894	1244.7	445.62	112.219	1.4512	150000.0	1
18,895	1244.75	445.62	112.223	1.3897	150000.0	1
18,896	1244.8	445.62	112.227	1.3296	150000.0	1
18,897	1244.85	445.62	112.231	1.2708	150000.0	1
18,898	1244.9	445.62	112.235	1.2134	150000.0	1
18,899	1244.95	445.62	112.239	1.1573	150000.0	1
18,900	1245.0	445.62	112.243	1.1025	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →