Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

18,601–18,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
18,601	1230.05	446.09	111.468	0.7454	150000.0	1
18,602	1230.1	446.09	111.472	0.7013	150000.0	1
18,603	1230.15	446.09	111.476	0.6586	150000.0	1
18,604	1230.2	446.09	111.48	0.6172	150000.0	1
18,605	1230.25	446.09	111.484	0.5771	150000.0	1
18,606	1230.3	446.09	111.489	0.5384	150000.0	1
18,607	1230.35	446.09	111.493	0.501	150000.0	1
18,608	1230.4	446.09	111.497	0.465	150000.0	1
18,609	1230.45	446.05	111.469	1.4844	150000.0	1
18,610	1230.5	446.05	111.474	1.4219	150000.0	1
18,611	1230.55	446.05	111.478	1.3607	150000.0	1
18,612	1230.6	446.05	111.482	1.3009	150000.0	1
18,613	1230.65	446.05	111.486	1.2424	150000.0	1
18,614	1230.7	446.05	111.49	1.1852	150000.0	1
18,615	1230.75	446.05	111.494	1.1295	150000.0	1
18,616	1230.8	446.05	111.498	1.075	150000.0	1
18,617	1230.85	446.05	111.502	1.022	150000.0	1
18,618	1230.9	446.05	111.506	0.9702	150000.0	1
18,619	1230.95	446.05	111.51	0.9198	150000.0	1
18,620	1231.0	446.05	111.515	0.8708	150000.0	1
18,621	1231.05	446.05	111.519	0.8231	150000.0	1
18,622	1231.1	446.05	111.523	0.7768	150000.0	1
18,623	1231.15	446.05	111.527	0.7318	150000.0	1
18,624	1231.2	446.05	111.531	0.6881	150000.0	1
18,625	1231.25	446.05	111.535	0.6458	150000.0	1
18,626	1231.3	446.05	111.539	0.6048	150000.0	1
18,627	1231.35	446.05	111.543	0.5652	150000.0	1
18,628	1231.4	446.05	111.547	0.5269	150000.0	1
18,629	1231.45	446.05	111.552	0.4899	150000.0	1
18,630	1231.5	446.02	111.524	1.5124	150000.0	1
18,631	1231.55	446.02	111.528	1.4493	150000.0	1
18,632	1231.6	446.02	111.532	1.3876	150000.0	1
18,633	1231.65	446.02	111.536	1.3272	150000.0	1
18,634	1231.7	446.02	111.541	1.2681	150000.0	1
18,635	1231.75	446.02	111.545	1.2104	150000.0	1
18,636	1231.8	446.02	111.549	1.1541	150000.0	1
18,637	1231.85	446.02	111.553	1.0991	150000.0	1
18,638	1231.9	446.02	111.557	1.0454	150000.0	1
18,639	1231.95	446.02	111.561	0.9931	150000.0	1
18,640	1232.0	446.02	111.565	0.9422	150000.0	1
18,641	1232.05	446.02	111.569	0.8926	150000.0	1
18,642	1232.1	446.02	111.573	0.8443	150000.0	1
18,643	1232.15	446.02	111.577	0.7974	150000.0	1
18,644	1232.2	446.02	111.582	0.7518	150000.0	1
18,645	1232.25	446.02	111.586	0.7075	150000.0	1
18,646	1232.3	446.02	111.59	0.6646	150000.0	1
18,647	1232.35	446.02	111.594	0.6231	150000.0	1
18,648	1232.4	446.02	111.598	0.5828	150000.0	1
18,649	1232.45	446.02	111.602	0.544	150000.0	1
18,650	1232.5	446.02	111.606	0.5064	150000.0	1
18,651	1232.55	446.02	111.61	0.4702	150000.0	1
18,652	1232.6	445.99	111.583	1.4978	150000.0	1
18,653	1232.65	445.99	111.587	1.4351	150000.0	1
18,654	1232.7	445.99	111.591	1.3737	150000.0	1
18,655	1232.75	445.99	111.595	1.3136	150000.0	1
18,656	1232.8	445.99	111.599	1.2549	150000.0	1
18,657	1232.85	445.99	111.603	1.1975	150000.0	1
18,658	1232.9	445.99	111.607	1.1415	150000.0	1
18,659	1232.95	445.99	111.611	1.0868	150000.0	1
18,660	1233.0	445.99	111.616	1.0335	150000.0	1
18,661	1233.05	445.99	111.62	0.9815	150000.0	1
18,662	1233.1	445.99	111.624	0.9309	150000.0	1
18,663	1233.15	445.99	111.628	0.8816	150000.0	1
18,664	1233.2	445.99	111.632	0.8336	150000.0	1
18,665	1233.25	445.99	111.636	0.787	150000.0	1
18,666	1233.3	445.99	111.64	0.7418	150000.0	1
18,667	1233.35	445.99	111.644	0.6979	150000.0	1
18,668	1233.4	445.99	111.648	0.6553	150000.0	1
18,669	1233.45	445.99	111.652	0.614	150000.0	1
18,670	1233.5	445.99	111.657	0.5741	150000.0	1
18,671	1233.55	445.99	111.661	0.5356	150000.0	1
18,672	1233.6	445.99	111.665	0.4983	150000.0	1
18,673	1233.65	445.96	111.637	1.5289	150000.0	1
18,674	1233.7	445.96	111.641	1.4655	150000.0	1
18,675	1233.75	445.96	111.645	1.4034	150000.0	1
18,676	1233.8	445.96	111.649	1.3428	150000.0	1
18,677	1233.85	445.96	111.653	1.2834	150000.0	1
18,678	1233.9	445.96	111.658	1.2254	150000.0	1
18,679	1233.95	445.96	111.662	1.1688	150000.0	1
18,680	1234.0	445.96	111.666	1.1135	150000.0	1
18,681	1234.05	445.96	111.67	1.0595	150000.0	1
18,682	1234.1	445.96	111.674	1.0069	150000.0	1
18,683	1234.15	445.96	111.678	0.9556	150000.0	1
18,684	1234.2	445.96	111.682	0.9057	150000.0	1
18,685	1234.25	445.96	111.686	0.8571	150000.0	1
18,686	1234.3	445.96	111.69	0.8098	150000.0	1
18,687	1234.35	445.96	111.695	0.7639	150000.0	1
18,688	1234.4	445.96	111.699	0.7194	150000.0	1
18,689	1234.45	445.96	111.703	0.6762	150000.0	1
18,690	1234.5	445.96	111.707	0.6343	150000.0	1
18,691	1234.55	445.96	111.711	0.5937	150000.0	1
18,692	1234.6	445.96	111.715	0.5545	150000.0	1
18,693	1234.65	445.96	111.719	0.5166	150000.0	1
18,694	1234.7	445.96	111.723	0.4801	150000.0	1
18,695	1234.75	445.92	111.695	1.5156	150000.0	1
18,696	1234.8	445.92	111.7	1.4526	150000.0	1
18,697	1234.85	445.92	111.704	1.3908	150000.0	1
18,698	1234.9	445.92	111.708	1.3304	150000.0	1
18,699	1234.95	445.92	111.712	1.2714	150000.0	1
18,700	1235.0	445.92	111.716	1.2137	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →