Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

19,101–19,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
19,101	1255.05	445.3	112.764	1.0414	150000.0	1
19,102	1255.1	445.3	112.769	0.9898	150000.0	1
19,103	1255.15	445.3	112.773	0.9394	150000.0	1
19,104	1255.2	445.3	112.777	0.8903	150000.0	1
19,105	1255.25	445.3	112.781	0.8426	150000.0	1
19,106	1255.3	445.3	112.785	0.7962	150000.0	1
19,107	1255.35	445.3	112.789	0.7511	150000.0	1
19,108	1255.4	445.3	112.793	0.7073	150000.0	1
19,109	1255.45	445.3	112.797	0.6648	150000.0	1
19,110	1255.5	445.3	112.801	0.6237	150000.0	1
19,111	1255.55	445.3	112.806	0.5839	150000.0	1
19,112	1255.6	445.3	112.81	0.5453	150000.0	1
19,113	1255.65	445.26	112.779	1.6571	150000.0	1
19,114	1255.7	445.26	112.783	1.5917	150000.0	1
19,115	1255.75	445.26	112.787	1.5277	150000.0	1
19,116	1255.8	445.26	112.792	1.4649	150000.0	1
19,117	1255.85	445.26	112.796	1.4035	150000.0	1
19,118	1255.9	445.26	112.8	1.3434	150000.0	1
19,119	1255.95	445.26	112.804	1.2846	150000.0	1
19,120	1256.0	445.26	112.808	1.2271	150000.0	1
19,121	1256.05	445.26	112.812	1.171	150000.0	1
19,122	1256.1	445.26	112.816	1.1161	150000.0	1
19,123	1256.15	445.26	112.82	1.0626	150000.0	1
19,124	1256.2	445.26	112.824	1.0104	150000.0	1
19,125	1256.25	445.26	112.829	0.9596	150000.0	1
19,126	1256.3	445.26	112.833	0.91	150000.0	1
19,127	1256.35	445.26	112.837	0.8618	150000.0	1
19,128	1256.4	445.26	112.841	0.8149	150000.0	1
19,129	1256.45	445.26	112.845	0.7692	150000.0	1
19,130	1256.5	445.26	112.849	0.725	150000.0	1
19,131	1256.55	445.26	112.853	0.682	150000.0	1
19,132	1256.6	445.26	112.857	0.6403	150000.0	1
19,133	1256.65	445.26	112.861	0.6	150000.0	1
19,134	1256.7	445.26	112.866	0.5609	150000.0	1
19,135	1256.75	445.23	112.835	1.6761	150000.0	1
19,136	1256.8	445.23	112.839	1.6104	150000.0	1
19,137	1256.85	445.23	112.843	1.546	150000.0	1
19,138	1256.9	445.23	112.847	1.4829	150000.0	1
19,139	1256.95	445.23	112.851	1.4211	150000.0	1
19,140	1257.0	445.23	112.855	1.3606	150000.0	1
19,141	1257.05	445.23	112.86	1.3015	150000.0	1
19,142	1257.1	445.23	112.864	1.2437	150000.0	1
19,143	1257.15	445.23	112.868	1.1872	150000.0	1
19,144	1257.2	445.23	112.872	1.132	150000.0	1
19,145	1257.25	445.23	112.876	1.0781	150000.0	1
19,146	1257.3	445.23	112.88	1.0256	150000.0	1
19,147	1257.35	445.23	112.884	0.9743	150000.0	1
19,148	1257.4	445.23	112.888	0.9244	150000.0	1
19,149	1257.45	445.23	112.892	0.8758	150000.0	1
19,150	1257.5	445.23	112.897	0.8285	150000.0	1
19,151	1257.55	445.23	112.901	0.7826	150000.0	1
19,152	1257.6	445.23	112.905	0.7379	150000.0	1
19,153	1257.65	445.23	112.909	0.6946	150000.0	1
19,154	1257.7	445.23	112.913	0.6525	150000.0	1
19,155	1257.75	445.23	112.917	0.6118	150000.0	1
19,156	1257.8	445.23	112.921	0.5724	150000.0	1
19,157	1257.85	445.23	112.925	0.5343	150000.0	1
19,158	1257.9	445.19	112.895	1.6547	150000.0	1
19,159	1257.95	445.19	112.899	1.5895	150000.0	1
19,160	1258.0	445.19	112.903	1.5255	150000.0	1
19,161	1258.05	445.19	112.907	1.4629	150000.0	1
19,162	1258.1	445.19	112.911	1.4015	150000.0	1
19,163	1258.15	445.19	112.915	1.3415	150000.0	1
19,164	1258.2	445.19	112.919	1.2828	150000.0	1
19,165	1258.25	445.19	112.923	1.2255	150000.0	1
19,166	1258.3	445.19	112.928	1.1694	150000.0	1
19,167	1258.35	445.19	112.932	1.1147	150000.0	1
19,168	1258.4	445.19	112.936	1.0613	150000.0	1
19,169	1258.45	445.19	112.94	1.0092	150000.0	1
19,170	1258.5	445.19	112.944	0.9584	150000.0	1
19,171	1258.55	445.19	112.948	0.9089	150000.0	1
19,172	1258.6	445.19	112.952	0.8607	150000.0	1
19,173	1258.65	445.19	112.956	0.8139	150000.0	1
19,174	1258.7	445.19	112.96	0.7684	150000.0	1
19,175	1258.75	445.19	112.965	0.7241	150000.0	1
19,176	1258.8	445.19	112.969	0.6812	150000.0	1
19,177	1258.85	445.19	112.973	0.6396	150000.0	1
19,178	1258.9	445.19	112.977	0.5993	150000.0	1
19,179	1258.95	445.19	112.981	0.5603	150000.0	1
19,180	1259.0	445.15	112.95	1.6838	150000.0	1
19,181	1259.05	445.15	112.954	1.618	150000.0	1
19,182	1259.1	445.15	112.958	1.5535	150000.0	1
19,183	1259.15	445.15	112.962	1.4903	150000.0	1
19,184	1259.2	445.15	112.967	1.4284	150000.0	1
19,185	1259.25	445.15	112.971	1.3678	150000.0	1
19,186	1259.3	445.15	112.975	1.3086	150000.0	1
19,187	1259.35	445.15	112.979	1.2507	150000.0	1
19,188	1259.4	445.15	112.983	1.1941	150000.0	1
19,189	1259.45	445.15	112.987	1.1388	150000.0	1
19,190	1259.5	445.15	112.991	1.0848	150000.0	1
19,191	1259.55	445.15	112.995	1.0322	150000.0	1
19,192	1259.6	445.15	112.999	0.9808	150000.0	1
19,193	1259.65	445.15	113.004	0.9308	150000.0	1
19,194	1259.7	445.15	113.008	0.8821	150000.0	1
19,195	1259.75	445.15	113.012	0.8346	150000.0	1
19,196	1259.8	445.15	113.016	0.7885	150000.0	1
19,197	1259.85	445.15	113.02	0.7438	150000.0	1
19,198	1259.9	445.15	113.024	0.7003	150000.0	1
19,199	1259.95	445.15	113.028	0.6581	150000.0	1
19,200	1260.0	445.15	113.032	0.6173	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →