Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

19,301–19,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
19,301	1265.05	444.97	113.271	1.2132	150000.0	1
19,302	1265.1	444.97	113.275	1.1576	150000.0	1
19,303	1265.15	444.97	113.279	1.1033	150000.0	1
19,304	1265.2	444.97	113.283	1.0503	150000.0	1
19,305	1265.25	444.97	113.287	0.9987	150000.0	1
19,306	1265.3	444.97	113.291	0.9483	150000.0	1
19,307	1265.35	444.97	113.295	0.8992	150000.0	1
19,308	1265.4	444.97	113.3	0.8515	150000.0	1
19,309	1265.45	444.97	113.304	0.805	150000.0	1
19,310	1265.5	444.97	113.308	0.7599	150000.0	1
19,311	1265.55	444.97	113.312	0.7161	150000.0	1
19,312	1265.6	444.97	113.316	0.6735	150000.0	1
19,313	1265.65	444.97	113.32	0.6323	150000.0	1
19,314	1265.7	444.97	113.324	0.5923	150000.0	1
19,315	1265.75	444.97	113.328	0.5537	150000.0	1
19,316	1265.8	444.93	113.297	1.702	150000.0	1
19,317	1265.85	444.93	113.301	1.636	150000.0	1
19,318	1265.9	444.93	113.305	1.5713	150000.0	1
19,319	1265.95	444.93	113.309	1.508	150000.0	1
19,320	1266.0	444.93	113.313	1.4459	150000.0	1
19,321	1266.05	444.93	113.317	1.3852	150000.0	1
19,322	1266.1	444.93	113.321	1.3257	150000.0	1
19,323	1266.15	444.93	113.325	1.2676	150000.0	1
19,324	1266.2	444.93	113.33	1.2108	150000.0	1
19,325	1266.25	444.93	113.334	1.1553	150000.0	1
19,326	1266.3	444.93	113.338	1.1011	150000.0	1
19,327	1266.35	444.93	113.342	1.0482	150000.0	1
19,328	1266.4	444.93	113.346	0.9966	150000.0	1
19,329	1266.45	444.93	113.35	0.9463	150000.0	1
19,330	1266.5	444.93	113.354	0.8973	150000.0	1
19,331	1266.55	444.93	113.358	0.8496	150000.0	1
19,332	1266.6	444.93	113.362	0.8033	150000.0	1
19,333	1266.65	444.93	113.367	0.7582	150000.0	1
19,334	1266.7	444.93	113.371	0.7144	150000.0	1
19,335	1266.75	444.93	113.375	0.672	150000.0	1
19,336	1266.8	444.93	113.379	0.6308	150000.0	1
19,337	1266.85	444.93	113.383	0.5909	150000.0	1
19,338	1266.9	444.89	113.351	1.7417	150000.0	1
19,339	1266.95	444.89	113.355	1.675	150000.0	1
19,340	1267.0	444.89	113.359	1.6096	150000.0	1
19,341	1267.05	444.89	113.364	1.5455	150000.0	1
19,342	1267.1	444.89	113.368	1.4827	150000.0	1
19,343	1267.15	444.89	113.372	1.4212	150000.0	1
19,344	1267.2	444.89	113.376	1.361	150000.0	1
19,345	1267.25	444.89	113.38	1.3021	150000.0	1
19,346	1267.3	444.89	113.384	1.2446	150000.0	1
19,347	1267.35	444.89	113.388	1.1883	150000.0	1
19,348	1267.4	444.89	113.392	1.1333	150000.0	1
19,349	1267.45	444.89	113.396	1.0797	150000.0	1
19,350	1267.5	444.89	113.401	1.0273	150000.0	1
19,351	1267.55	444.89	113.405	0.9763	150000.0	1
19,352	1267.6	444.89	113.409	0.9266	150000.0	1
19,353	1267.65	444.89	113.413	0.8781	150000.0	1
19,354	1267.7	444.89	113.417	0.831	150000.0	1
19,355	1267.75	444.89	113.421	0.7852	150000.0	1
19,356	1267.8	444.89	113.425	0.7406	150000.0	1
19,357	1267.85	444.89	113.429	0.6974	150000.0	1
19,358	1267.9	444.89	113.433	0.6555	150000.0	1
19,359	1267.95	444.89	113.438	0.6149	150000.0	1
19,360	1268.0	444.89	113.442	0.5755	150000.0	1
19,361	1268.05	444.86	113.41	1.731	150000.0	1
19,362	1268.1	444.86	113.414	1.6645	150000.0	1
19,363	1268.15	444.86	113.418	1.5993	150000.0	1
19,364	1268.2	444.86	113.422	1.5354	150000.0	1
19,365	1268.25	444.86	113.426	1.4729	150000.0	1
19,366	1268.3	444.86	113.43	1.4116	150000.0	1
19,367	1268.35	444.86	113.434	1.3517	150000.0	1
19,368	1268.4	444.86	113.439	1.2931	150000.0	1
19,369	1268.45	444.86	113.443	1.2357	150000.0	1
19,370	1268.5	444.86	113.447	1.1797	150000.0	1
19,371	1268.55	444.86	113.451	1.125	150000.0	1
19,372	1268.6	444.86	113.455	1.0715	150000.0	1
19,373	1268.65	444.86	113.459	1.0194	150000.0	1
19,374	1268.7	444.86	113.463	0.9686	150000.0	1
19,375	1268.75	444.86	113.467	0.9191	150000.0	1
19,376	1268.8	444.86	113.471	0.8709	150000.0	1
19,377	1268.85	444.86	113.476	0.824	150000.0	1
19,378	1268.9	444.86	113.48	0.7784	150000.0	1
19,379	1268.95	444.86	113.484	0.7341	150000.0	1
19,380	1269.0	444.86	113.488	0.6911	150000.0	1
19,381	1269.05	444.86	113.492	0.6494	150000.0	1
19,382	1269.1	444.86	113.496	0.6089	150000.0	1
19,383	1269.15	444.86	113.5	0.5698	150000.0	1
19,384	1269.2	444.82	113.468	1.7296	150000.0	1
19,385	1269.25	444.82	113.472	1.6631	150000.0	1
19,386	1269.3	444.82	113.476	1.598	150000.0	1
19,387	1269.35	444.82	113.48	1.5342	150000.0	1
19,388	1269.4	444.82	113.485	1.4717	150000.0	1
19,389	1269.45	444.82	113.489	1.4105	150000.0	1
19,390	1269.5	444.82	113.493	1.3506	150000.0	1
19,391	1269.55	444.82	113.497	1.2921	150000.0	1
19,392	1269.6	444.82	113.501	1.2348	150000.0	1
19,393	1269.65	444.82	113.505	1.1788	150000.0	1
19,394	1269.7	444.82	113.509	1.1241	150000.0	1
19,395	1269.75	444.82	113.513	1.0708	150000.0	1
19,396	1269.8	444.82	113.517	1.0187	150000.0	1
19,397	1269.85	444.82	113.522	0.9679	150000.0	1
19,398	1269.9	444.82	113.526	0.9184	150000.0	1
19,399	1269.95	444.82	113.53	0.8703	150000.0	1
19,400	1270.0	444.82	113.534	0.8234	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →