Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

19,501–19,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
19,501	1275.05	444.63	113.766	1.6339	150000.0	1
19,502	1275.1	444.63	113.77	1.5696	150000.0	1
19,503	1275.15	444.63	113.775	1.5065	150000.0	1
19,504	1275.2	444.63	113.779	1.4447	150000.0	1
19,505	1275.25	444.63	113.783	1.3843	150000.0	1
19,506	1275.3	444.63	113.787	1.3251	150000.0	1
19,507	1275.35	444.63	113.791	1.2673	150000.0	1
19,508	1275.4	444.63	113.795	1.2107	150000.0	1
19,509	1275.45	444.63	113.799	1.1554	150000.0	1
19,510	1275.5	444.63	113.803	1.1014	150000.0	1
19,511	1275.55	444.63	113.808	1.0488	150000.0	1
19,512	1275.6	444.63	113.812	0.9974	150000.0	1
19,513	1275.65	444.63	113.816	0.9473	150000.0	1
19,514	1275.7	444.63	113.82	0.8985	150000.0	1
19,515	1275.75	444.63	113.824	0.851	150000.0	1
19,516	1275.8	444.63	113.828	0.8048	150000.0	1
19,517	1275.85	444.63	113.832	0.7598	150000.0	1
19,518	1275.9	444.63	113.836	0.7162	150000.0	1
19,519	1275.95	444.63	113.84	0.6739	150000.0	1
19,520	1276.0	444.63	113.845	0.6328	150000.0	1
19,521	1276.05	444.63	113.849	0.5931	150000.0	1
19,522	1276.1	444.59	113.816	1.7763	150000.0	1
19,523	1276.15	444.59	113.82	1.7092	150000.0	1
19,524	1276.2	444.59	113.824	1.6434	150000.0	1
19,525	1276.25	444.59	113.828	1.5788	150000.0	1
19,526	1276.3	444.59	113.832	1.5156	150000.0	1
19,527	1276.35	444.59	113.836	1.4537	150000.0	1
19,528	1276.4	444.59	113.84	1.3931	150000.0	1
19,529	1276.45	444.59	113.845	1.3338	150000.0	1
19,530	1276.5	444.59	113.849	1.2758	150000.0	1
19,531	1276.55	444.59	113.853	1.219	150000.0	1
19,532	1276.6	444.59	113.857	1.1636	150000.0	1
19,533	1276.65	444.59	113.861	1.1094	150000.0	1
19,534	1276.7	444.59	113.865	1.0566	150000.0	1
19,535	1276.75	444.59	113.869	1.005	150000.0	1
19,536	1276.8	444.59	113.873	0.9548	150000.0	1
19,537	1276.85	444.59	113.877	0.9058	150000.0	1
19,538	1276.9	444.59	113.882	0.8581	150000.0	1
19,539	1276.95	444.59	113.886	0.8118	150000.0	1
19,540	1277.0	444.59	113.89	0.7667	150000.0	1
19,541	1277.05	444.59	113.894	0.7229	150000.0	1
19,542	1277.1	444.59	113.898	0.6803	150000.0	1
19,543	1277.15	444.59	113.902	0.6391	150000.0	1
19,544	1277.2	444.59	113.906	0.5992	150000.0	1
19,545	1277.25	444.55	113.873	1.7862	150000.0	1
19,546	1277.3	444.55	113.877	1.7189	150000.0	1
19,547	1277.35	444.55	113.881	1.6529	150000.0	1
19,548	1277.4	444.55	113.886	1.5883	150000.0	1
19,549	1277.45	444.55	113.89	1.5249	150000.0	1
19,550	1277.5	444.55	113.894	1.4628	150000.0	1
19,551	1277.55	444.55	113.898	1.4021	150000.0	1
19,552	1277.6	444.55	113.902	1.3426	150000.0	1
19,553	1277.65	444.55	113.906	1.2844	150000.0	1
19,554	1277.7	444.55	113.91	1.2275	150000.0	1
19,555	1277.75	444.55	113.914	1.1719	150000.0	1
19,556	1277.8	444.55	113.919	1.1176	150000.0	1
19,557	1277.85	444.55	113.923	1.0646	150000.0	1
19,558	1277.9	444.55	113.927	1.0128	150000.0	1
19,559	1277.95	444.55	113.931	0.9624	150000.0	1
19,560	1278.0	444.55	113.935	0.9133	150000.0	1
19,561	1278.05	444.55	113.939	0.8654	150000.0	1
19,562	1278.1	444.55	113.943	0.8189	150000.0	1
19,563	1278.15	444.55	113.947	0.7736	150000.0	1
19,564	1278.2	444.55	113.951	0.7296	150000.0	1
19,565	1278.25	444.55	113.956	0.6869	150000.0	1
19,566	1278.3	444.55	113.96	0.6455	150000.0	1
19,567	1278.35	444.55	113.964	0.6054	150000.0	1
19,568	1278.4	444.51	113.931	1.7961	150000.0	1
19,569	1278.45	444.51	113.935	1.7287	150000.0	1
19,570	1278.5	444.51	113.939	1.6626	150000.0	1
19,571	1278.55	444.51	113.943	1.5978	150000.0	1
19,572	1278.6	444.51	113.947	1.5343	150000.0	1
19,573	1278.65	444.51	113.951	1.472	150000.0	1
19,574	1278.7	444.51	113.955	1.4111	150000.0	1
19,575	1278.75	444.51	113.959	1.3514	150000.0	1
19,576	1278.8	444.51	113.964	1.2931	150000.0	1
19,577	1278.85	444.51	113.968	1.236	150000.0	1
19,578	1278.9	444.51	113.972	1.1803	150000.0	1
19,579	1278.95	444.51	113.976	1.1258	150000.0	1
19,580	1279.0	444.51	113.98	1.0726	150000.0	1
19,581	1279.05	444.51	113.984	1.0207	150000.0	1
19,582	1279.1	444.51	113.988	0.9701	150000.0	1
19,583	1279.15	444.51	113.992	0.9208	150000.0	1
19,584	1279.2	444.51	113.996	0.8728	150000.0	1
19,585	1279.25	444.51	114.001	0.8261	150000.0	1
19,586	1279.3	444.51	114.005	0.7806	150000.0	1
19,587	1279.35	444.51	114.009	0.7364	150000.0	1
19,588	1279.4	444.51	114.013	0.6936	150000.0	1
19,589	1279.45	444.51	114.017	0.652	150000.0	1
19,590	1279.5	444.51	114.021	0.6117	150000.0	1
19,591	1279.55	444.47	113.988	1.8062	150000.0	1
19,592	1279.6	444.47	113.992	1.7386	150000.0	1
19,593	1279.65	444.47	113.996	1.6723	150000.0	1
19,594	1279.7	444.47	114.0	1.6073	150000.0	1
19,595	1279.75	444.47	114.004	1.5437	150000.0	1
19,596	1279.8	444.47	114.008	1.4813	150000.0	1
19,597	1279.85	444.47	114.012	1.4202	150000.0	1
19,598	1279.9	444.47	114.017	1.3604	150000.0	1
19,599	1279.95	444.47	114.021	1.3019	150000.0	1
19,600	1280.0	444.47	114.025	1.2446	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →