Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

20,001–20,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
20,001	1300.05	443.78	115.019	1.1734	150000.0	1
20,002	1300.1	443.78	115.023	1.1196	150000.0	1
20,003	1300.15	443.78	115.027	1.0671	150000.0	1
20,004	1300.2	443.78	115.031	1.0159	150000.0	1
20,005	1300.25	443.78	115.035	0.9659	150000.0	1
20,006	1300.3	443.78	115.039	0.9172	150000.0	1
20,007	1300.35	443.78	115.044	0.8697	150000.0	1
20,008	1300.4	443.78	115.048	0.8236	150000.0	1
20,009	1300.45	443.78	115.052	0.7786	150000.0	1
20,010	1300.5	443.78	115.056	0.735	150000.0	1
20,011	1300.55	443.78	115.06	0.6926	150000.0	1
20,012	1300.6	443.78	115.064	0.6515	150000.0	1
20,013	1300.65	443.74	115.028	1.9152	150000.0	1
20,014	1300.7	443.74	115.032	1.8463	150000.0	1
20,015	1300.75	443.74	115.037	1.7787	150000.0	1
20,016	1300.8	443.74	115.041	1.7124	150000.0	1
20,017	1300.85	443.74	115.045	1.6473	150000.0	1
20,018	1300.9	443.74	115.049	1.5834	150000.0	1
20,019	1300.95	443.74	115.053	1.5209	150000.0	1
20,020	1301.0	443.74	115.057	1.4596	150000.0	1
20,021	1301.05	443.74	115.061	1.3996	150000.0	1
20,022	1301.1	443.74	115.065	1.3408	150000.0	1
20,023	1301.15	443.74	115.07	1.2833	150000.0	1
20,024	1301.2	443.74	115.074	1.2271	150000.0	1
20,025	1301.25	443.74	115.078	1.1721	150000.0	1
20,026	1301.3	443.74	115.082	1.1184	150000.0	1
20,027	1301.35	443.74	115.086	1.066	150000.0	1
20,028	1301.4	443.74	115.09	1.0148	150000.0	1
20,029	1301.45	443.74	115.094	0.9649	150000.0	1
20,030	1301.5	443.74	115.098	0.9162	150000.0	1
20,031	1301.55	443.74	115.103	0.8689	150000.0	1
20,032	1301.6	443.74	115.107	0.8227	150000.0	1
20,033	1301.65	443.74	115.111	0.7779	150000.0	1
20,034	1301.7	443.74	115.115	0.7342	150000.0	1
20,035	1301.75	443.74	115.119	0.6919	150000.0	1
20,036	1301.8	443.74	115.123	0.6508	150000.0	1
20,037	1301.85	443.7	115.087	1.9185	150000.0	1
20,038	1301.9	443.7	115.091	1.8496	150000.0	1
20,039	1301.95	443.7	115.095	1.782	150000.0	1
20,040	1302.0	443.7	115.1	1.7156	150000.0	1
20,041	1302.05	443.7	115.104	1.6505	150000.0	1
20,042	1302.1	443.7	115.108	1.5866	150000.0	1
20,043	1302.15	443.7	115.112	1.5241	150000.0	1
20,044	1302.2	443.7	115.116	1.4627	150000.0	1
20,045	1302.25	443.7	115.12	1.4027	150000.0	1
20,046	1302.3	443.7	115.124	1.3439	150000.0	1
20,047	1302.35	443.7	115.128	1.2864	150000.0	1
20,048	1302.4	443.7	115.133	1.2301	150000.0	1
20,049	1302.45	443.7	115.137	1.1751	150000.0	1
20,050	1302.5	443.7	115.141	1.1214	150000.0	1
20,051	1302.55	443.7	115.145	1.0689	150000.0	1
20,052	1302.6	443.7	115.149	1.0177	150000.0	1
20,053	1302.65	443.7	115.153	0.9677	150000.0	1
20,054	1302.7	443.7	115.157	0.919	150000.0	1
20,055	1302.75	443.7	115.161	0.8716	150000.0	1
20,056	1302.8	443.7	115.166	0.8254	150000.0	1
20,057	1302.85	443.7	115.17	0.7805	150000.0	1
20,058	1302.9	443.7	115.174	0.7368	150000.0	1
20,059	1302.95	443.7	115.178	0.6944	150000.0	1
20,060	1303.0	443.7	115.182	0.6533	150000.0	1
20,061	1303.05	443.66	115.146	1.9249	150000.0	1
20,062	1303.1	443.66	115.15	1.8559	150000.0	1
20,063	1303.15	443.66	115.154	1.7881	150000.0	1
20,064	1303.2	443.66	115.158	1.7217	150000.0	1
20,065	1303.25	443.66	115.162	1.6565	150000.0	1
20,066	1303.3	443.66	115.167	1.5926	150000.0	1
20,067	1303.35	443.66	115.171	1.5299	150000.0	1
20,068	1303.4	443.66	115.175	1.4685	150000.0	1
20,069	1303.45	443.66	115.179	1.4084	150000.0	1
20,070	1303.5	443.66	115.183	1.3495	150000.0	1
20,071	1303.55	443.66	115.187	1.2919	150000.0	1
20,072	1303.6	443.66	115.191	1.2355	150000.0	1
20,073	1303.65	443.66	115.195	1.1804	150000.0	1
20,074	1303.7	443.66	115.2	1.1266	150000.0	1
20,075	1303.75	443.66	115.204	1.074	150000.0	1
20,076	1303.8	443.66	115.208	1.0227	150000.0	1
20,077	1303.85	443.66	115.212	0.9727	150000.0	1
20,078	1303.9	443.66	115.216	0.9239	150000.0	1
20,079	1303.95	443.66	115.22	0.8763	150000.0	1
20,080	1304.0	443.66	115.224	0.8301	150000.0	1
20,081	1304.05	443.66	115.228	0.785	150000.0	1
20,082	1304.1	443.66	115.233	0.7413	150000.0	1
20,083	1304.15	443.66	115.237	0.6988	150000.0	1
20,084	1304.2	443.66	115.241	0.6575	150000.0	1
20,085	1304.25	443.61	115.204	1.9329	150000.0	1
20,086	1304.3	443.61	115.209	1.8638	150000.0	1
20,087	1304.35	443.61	115.213	1.7959	150000.0	1
20,088	1304.4	443.61	115.217	1.7294	150000.0	1
20,089	1304.45	443.61	115.221	1.6641	150000.0	1
20,090	1304.5	443.61	115.225	1.6	150000.0	1
20,091	1304.55	443.61	115.229	1.5373	150000.0	1
20,092	1304.6	443.61	115.233	1.4757	150000.0	1
20,093	1304.65	443.61	115.237	1.4155	150000.0	1
20,094	1304.7	443.61	115.242	1.3565	150000.0	1
20,095	1304.75	443.61	115.246	1.2988	150000.0	1
20,096	1304.8	443.61	115.25	1.2423	150000.0	1
20,097	1304.85	443.61	115.254	1.1871	150000.0	1
20,098	1304.9	443.61	115.258	1.1331	150000.0	1
20,099	1304.95	443.61	115.262	1.0804	150000.0	1
20,100	1305.0	443.61	115.266	1.029	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →