Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

20,301–20,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
20,301	1315.05	443.23	115.726	2.0216	150000.0	1
20,302	1315.1	443.23	115.73	1.9513	150000.0	1
20,303	1315.15	443.23	115.734	1.8822	150000.0	1
20,304	1315.2	443.23	115.738	1.8144	150000.0	1
20,305	1315.25	443.23	115.742	1.7479	150000.0	1
20,306	1315.3	443.23	115.746	1.6826	150000.0	1
20,307	1315.35	443.23	115.751	1.6185	150000.0	1
20,308	1315.4	443.23	115.755	1.5557	150000.0	1
20,309	1315.45	443.23	115.759	1.4942	150000.0	1
20,310	1315.5	443.23	115.763	1.4339	150000.0	1
20,311	1315.55	443.23	115.767	1.3748	150000.0	1
20,312	1315.6	443.23	115.771	1.317	150000.0	1
20,313	1315.65	443.23	115.775	1.2604	150000.0	1
20,314	1315.7	443.23	115.78	1.2051	150000.0	1
20,315	1315.75	443.23	115.784	1.151	150000.0	1
20,316	1315.8	443.23	115.788	1.0982	150000.0	1
20,317	1315.85	443.23	115.792	1.0466	150000.0	1
20,318	1315.9	443.23	115.796	0.9963	150000.0	1
20,319	1315.95	443.23	115.8	0.9472	150000.0	1
20,320	1316.0	443.23	115.804	0.8993	150000.0	1
20,321	1316.05	443.23	115.808	0.8527	150000.0	1
20,322	1316.1	443.23	115.813	0.8074	150000.0	1
20,323	1316.15	443.23	115.817	0.7632	150000.0	1
20,324	1316.2	443.23	115.821	0.7203	150000.0	1
20,325	1316.25	443.18	115.783	2.0317	150000.0	1
20,326	1316.3	443.18	115.787	1.9613	150000.0	1
20,327	1316.35	443.18	115.791	1.8921	150000.0	1
20,328	1316.4	443.18	115.796	1.8242	150000.0	1
20,329	1316.45	443.18	115.8	1.7575	150000.0	1
20,330	1316.5	443.18	115.804	1.692	150000.0	1
20,331	1316.55	443.18	115.808	1.6278	150000.0	1
20,332	1316.6	443.18	115.812	1.5649	150000.0	1
20,333	1316.65	443.18	115.816	1.5032	150000.0	1
20,334	1316.7	443.18	115.82	1.4427	150000.0	1
20,335	1316.75	443.18	115.824	1.3835	150000.0	1
20,336	1316.8	443.18	115.829	1.3256	150000.0	1
20,337	1316.85	443.18	115.833	1.2689	150000.0	1
20,338	1316.9	443.18	115.837	1.2134	150000.0	1
20,339	1316.95	443.18	115.841	1.1592	150000.0	1
20,340	1317.0	443.18	115.845	1.1062	150000.0	1
20,341	1317.05	443.18	115.849	1.0544	150000.0	1
20,342	1317.1	443.18	115.853	1.0039	150000.0	1
20,343	1317.15	443.18	115.857	0.9547	150000.0	1
20,344	1317.2	443.18	115.862	0.9067	150000.0	1
20,345	1317.25	443.18	115.866	0.8599	150000.0	1
20,346	1317.3	443.18	115.87	0.8143	150000.0	1
20,347	1317.35	443.18	115.874	0.7701	150000.0	1
20,348	1317.4	443.18	115.878	0.727	150000.0	1
20,349	1317.45	443.14	115.84	2.0419	150000.0	1
20,350	1317.5	443.14	115.844	1.9713	150000.0	1
20,351	1317.55	443.14	115.849	1.902	150000.0	1
20,352	1317.6	443.14	115.853	1.8339	150000.0	1
20,353	1317.65	443.14	115.857	1.7671	150000.0	1
20,354	1317.7	443.14	115.861	1.7015	150000.0	1
20,355	1317.75	443.14	115.865	1.6372	150000.0	1
20,356	1317.8	443.14	115.869	1.5741	150000.0	1
20,357	1317.85	443.14	115.873	1.5122	150000.0	1
20,358	1317.9	443.14	115.877	1.4516	150000.0	1
20,359	1317.95	443.14	115.882	1.3923	150000.0	1
20,360	1318.0	443.14	115.886	1.3342	150000.0	1
20,361	1318.05	443.14	115.89	1.2773	150000.0	1
20,362	1318.1	443.14	115.894	1.2217	150000.0	1
20,363	1318.15	443.14	115.898	1.1673	150000.0	1
20,364	1318.2	443.14	115.902	1.1141	150000.0	1
20,365	1318.25	443.14	115.906	1.0622	150000.0	1
20,366	1318.3	443.14	115.911	1.0116	150000.0	1
20,367	1318.35	443.14	115.915	0.9622	150000.0	1
20,368	1318.4	443.14	115.919	0.914	150000.0	1
20,369	1318.45	443.14	115.923	0.8671	150000.0	1
20,370	1318.5	443.14	115.927	0.8214	150000.0	1
20,371	1318.55	443.14	115.931	0.7769	150000.0	1
20,372	1318.6	443.14	115.935	0.7337	150000.0	1
20,373	1318.65	443.14	115.939	0.6917	150000.0	1
20,374	1318.7	443.09	115.901	2.0117	150000.0	1
20,375	1318.75	443.09	115.906	1.9417	150000.0	1
20,376	1318.8	443.09	115.91	1.8729	150000.0	1
20,377	1318.85	443.09	115.914	1.8054	150000.0	1
20,378	1318.9	443.09	115.918	1.7392	150000.0	1
20,379	1318.95	443.09	115.922	1.6742	150000.0	1
20,380	1319.0	443.09	115.926	1.6104	150000.0	1
20,381	1319.05	443.09	115.93	1.5479	150000.0	1
20,382	1319.1	443.09	115.934	1.4866	150000.0	1
20,383	1319.15	443.09	115.939	1.4265	150000.0	1
20,384	1319.2	443.09	115.943	1.3677	150000.0	1
20,385	1319.25	443.09	115.947	1.3102	150000.0	1
20,386	1319.3	443.09	115.951	1.2539	150000.0	1
20,387	1319.35	443.09	115.955	1.1988	150000.0	1
20,388	1319.4	443.09	115.959	1.145	150000.0	1
20,389	1319.45	443.09	115.963	1.0924	150000.0	1
20,390	1319.5	443.09	115.968	1.041	150000.0	1
20,391	1319.55	443.09	115.972	0.9909	150000.0	1
20,392	1319.6	443.09	115.976	0.942	150000.0	1
20,393	1319.65	443.09	115.98	0.8944	150000.0	1
20,394	1319.7	443.09	115.984	0.848	150000.0	1
20,395	1319.75	443.09	115.988	0.8029	150000.0	1
20,396	1319.8	443.09	115.992	0.7589	150000.0	1
20,397	1319.85	443.09	115.996	0.7163	150000.0	1
20,398	1319.9	443.05	115.958	2.0391	150000.0	1
20,399	1319.95	443.05	115.962	1.9687	150000.0	1
20,400	1320.0	443.05	115.967	1.8995	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →