Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

20,801–20,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
20,801	1340.05	442.32	116.929	1.5367	150000.0	1
20,802	1340.1	442.32	116.933	1.4763	150000.0	1
20,803	1340.15	442.32	116.938	1.4171	150000.0	1
20,804	1340.2	442.32	116.942	1.3591	150000.0	1
20,805	1340.25	442.32	116.946	1.3024	150000.0	1
20,806	1340.3	442.32	116.95	1.2468	150000.0	1
20,807	1340.35	442.32	116.954	1.1925	150000.0	1
20,808	1340.4	442.32	116.958	1.1394	150000.0	1
20,809	1340.45	442.32	116.962	1.0875	150000.0	1
20,810	1340.5	442.32	116.967	1.0368	150000.0	1
20,811	1340.55	442.32	116.971	0.9873	150000.0	1
20,812	1340.6	442.32	116.975	0.9391	150000.0	1
20,813	1340.65	442.32	116.979	0.892	150000.0	1
20,814	1340.7	442.32	116.983	0.8462	150000.0	1
20,815	1340.75	442.32	116.987	0.8016	150000.0	1
20,816	1340.8	442.32	116.991	0.7581	150000.0	1
20,817	1340.85	442.28	116.951	2.1428	150000.0	1
20,818	1340.9	442.28	116.955	2.0714	150000.0	1
20,819	1340.95	442.28	116.959	2.0012	150000.0	1
20,820	1341.0	442.28	116.963	1.9322	150000.0	1
20,821	1341.05	442.28	116.967	1.8644	150000.0	1
20,822	1341.1	442.28	116.972	1.7978	150000.0	1
20,823	1341.15	442.28	116.976	1.7324	150000.0	1
20,824	1341.2	442.28	116.98	1.6683	150000.0	1
20,825	1341.25	442.28	116.984	1.6053	150000.0	1
20,826	1341.3	442.28	116.988	1.5436	150000.0	1
20,827	1341.35	442.28	116.992	1.4831	150000.0	1
20,828	1341.4	442.28	116.996	1.4238	150000.0	1
20,829	1341.45	442.28	117.001	1.3658	150000.0	1
20,830	1341.5	442.28	117.005	1.3089	150000.0	1
20,831	1341.55	442.28	117.009	1.2533	150000.0	1
20,832	1341.6	442.28	117.013	1.1988	150000.0	1
20,833	1341.65	442.28	117.017	1.1456	150000.0	1
20,834	1341.7	442.28	117.021	1.0936	150000.0	1
20,835	1341.75	442.28	117.025	1.0428	150000.0	1
20,836	1341.8	442.28	117.03	0.9932	150000.0	1
20,837	1341.85	442.28	117.034	0.9448	150000.0	1
20,838	1341.9	442.28	117.038	0.8977	150000.0	1
20,839	1341.95	442.28	117.042	0.8517	150000.0	1
20,840	1342.0	442.28	117.046	0.807	150000.0	1
20,841	1342.05	442.28	117.05	0.7634	150000.0	1
20,842	1342.1	442.23	117.01	2.1516	150000.0	1
20,843	1342.15	442.23	117.014	2.0801	150000.0	1
20,844	1342.2	442.23	117.018	2.0098	150000.0	1
20,845	1342.25	442.23	117.022	1.9407	150000.0	1
20,846	1342.3	442.23	117.026	1.8728	150000.0	1
20,847	1342.35	442.23	117.03	1.8061	150000.0	1
20,848	1342.4	442.23	117.034	1.7406	150000.0	1
20,849	1342.45	442.23	117.039	1.6763	150000.0	1
20,850	1342.5	442.23	117.043	1.6133	150000.0	1
20,851	1342.55	442.23	117.047	1.5515	150000.0	1
20,852	1342.6	442.23	117.051	1.4908	150000.0	1
20,853	1342.65	442.23	117.055	1.4314	150000.0	1
20,854	1342.7	442.23	117.059	1.3732	150000.0	1
20,855	1342.75	442.23	117.063	1.3163	150000.0	1
20,856	1342.8	442.23	117.068	1.2605	150000.0	1
20,857	1342.85	442.23	117.072	1.2059	150000.0	1
20,858	1342.9	442.23	117.076	1.1526	150000.0	1
20,859	1342.95	442.23	117.08	1.1004	150000.0	1
20,860	1343.0	442.23	117.084	1.0495	150000.0	1
20,861	1343.05	442.23	117.088	0.9998	150000.0	1
20,862	1343.1	442.23	117.092	0.9513	150000.0	1
20,863	1343.15	442.23	117.097	0.904	150000.0	1
20,864	1343.2	442.23	117.101	0.8579	150000.0	1
20,865	1343.25	442.23	117.105	0.813	150000.0	1
20,866	1343.3	442.23	117.109	0.7694	150000.0	1
20,867	1343.35	442.18	117.068	2.161	150000.0	1
20,868	1343.4	442.18	117.072	2.0894	150000.0	1
20,869	1343.45	442.18	117.076	2.0189	150000.0	1
20,870	1343.5	442.18	117.081	1.9497	150000.0	1
20,871	1343.55	442.18	117.085	1.8817	150000.0	1
20,872	1343.6	442.18	117.089	1.8149	150000.0	1
20,873	1343.65	442.18	117.093	1.7493	150000.0	1
20,874	1343.7	442.18	117.097	1.6849	150000.0	1
20,875	1343.75	442.18	117.101	1.6218	150000.0	1
20,876	1343.8	442.18	117.105	1.5598	150000.0	1
20,877	1343.85	442.18	117.11	1.4991	150000.0	1
20,878	1343.9	442.18	117.114	1.4395	150000.0	1
20,879	1343.95	442.18	117.118	1.3812	150000.0	1
20,880	1344.0	442.18	117.122	1.3241	150000.0	1
20,881	1344.05	442.18	117.126	1.2682	150000.0	1
20,882	1344.1	442.18	117.13	1.2135	150000.0	1
20,883	1344.15	442.18	117.134	1.16	150000.0	1
20,884	1344.2	442.18	117.138	1.1077	150000.0	1
20,885	1344.25	442.18	117.143	1.0567	150000.0	1
20,886	1344.3	442.18	117.147	1.0068	150000.0	1
20,887	1344.35	442.18	117.151	0.9582	150000.0	1
20,888	1344.4	442.18	117.155	0.9107	150000.0	1
20,889	1344.45	442.18	117.159	0.8645	150000.0	1
20,890	1344.5	442.18	117.163	0.8195	150000.0	1
20,891	1344.55	442.18	117.167	0.7757	150000.0	1
20,892	1344.6	442.13	117.127	2.1708	150000.0	1
20,893	1344.65	442.13	117.131	2.099	150000.0	1
20,894	1344.7	442.13	117.135	2.0284	150000.0	1
20,895	1344.75	442.13	117.139	1.9591	150000.0	1
20,896	1344.8	442.13	117.143	1.891	150000.0	1
20,897	1344.85	442.13	117.147	1.824	150000.0	1
20,898	1344.9	442.13	117.151	1.7583	150000.0	1
20,899	1344.95	442.13	117.155	1.6938	150000.0	1
20,900	1345.0	442.13	117.16	1.6305	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →