Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

21,801–21,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
21,801	1390.05	440.39	119.23	1.492	150000.0	1
21,802	1390.1	440.39	119.234	1.4341	150000.0	1
21,803	1390.15	440.39	119.239	1.3773	150000.0	1
21,804	1390.2	440.39	119.243	1.3217	150000.0	1
21,805	1390.25	440.39	119.247	1.2672	150000.0	1
21,806	1390.3	440.39	119.251	1.2139	150000.0	1
21,807	1390.35	440.39	119.255	1.1617	150000.0	1
21,808	1390.4	440.39	119.259	1.1107	150000.0	1
21,809	1390.45	440.39	119.264	1.0608	150000.0	1
21,810	1390.5	440.39	119.268	1.0121	150000.0	1
21,811	1390.55	440.39	119.272	0.9645	150000.0	1
21,812	1390.6	440.39	119.276	0.918	150000.0	1
21,813	1390.65	440.34	119.23	2.4343	150000.0	1
21,814	1390.7	440.34	119.234	2.3602	150000.0	1
21,815	1390.75	440.34	119.238	2.2871	150000.0	1
21,816	1390.8	440.34	119.242	2.2152	150000.0	1
21,817	1390.85	440.34	119.247	2.1445	150000.0	1
21,818	1390.9	440.34	119.251	2.075	150000.0	1
21,819	1390.95	440.34	119.255	2.0065	150000.0	1
21,820	1391.0	440.34	119.259	1.9393	150000.0	1
21,821	1391.05	440.34	119.263	1.8731	150000.0	1
21,822	1391.1	440.34	119.267	1.8082	150000.0	1
21,823	1391.15	440.34	119.272	1.7444	150000.0	1
21,824	1391.2	440.34	119.276	1.6817	150000.0	1
21,825	1391.25	440.34	119.28	1.6202	150000.0	1
21,826	1391.3	440.34	119.284	1.5598	150000.0	1
21,827	1391.35	440.34	119.288	1.5006	150000.0	1
21,828	1391.4	440.34	119.292	1.4426	150000.0	1
21,829	1391.45	440.34	119.296	1.3856	150000.0	1
21,830	1391.5	440.34	119.301	1.3299	150000.0	1
21,831	1391.55	440.34	119.305	1.2753	150000.0	1
21,832	1391.6	440.34	119.309	1.2218	150000.0	1
21,833	1391.65	440.34	119.313	1.1695	150000.0	1
21,834	1391.7	440.34	119.317	1.1183	150000.0	1
21,835	1391.75	440.34	119.321	1.0683	150000.0	1
21,836	1391.8	440.34	119.326	1.0194	150000.0	1
21,837	1391.85	440.34	119.33	0.9717	150000.0	1
21,838	1391.9	440.34	119.334	0.9251	150000.0	1
21,839	1391.95	440.28	119.288	2.4445	150000.0	1
21,840	1392.0	440.28	119.292	2.3702	150000.0	1
21,841	1392.05	440.28	119.296	2.2971	150000.0	1
21,842	1392.1	440.28	119.3	2.2251	150000.0	1
21,843	1392.15	440.28	119.304	2.1543	150000.0	1
21,844	1392.2	440.28	119.309	2.0846	150000.0	1
21,845	1392.25	440.28	119.313	2.0161	150000.0	1
21,846	1392.3	440.28	119.317	1.9487	150000.0	1
21,847	1392.35	440.28	119.321	1.8825	150000.0	1
21,848	1392.4	440.28	119.325	1.8174	150000.0	1
21,849	1392.45	440.28	119.329	1.7534	150000.0	1
21,850	1392.5	440.28	119.333	1.6907	150000.0	1
21,851	1392.55	440.28	119.338	1.629	150000.0	1
21,852	1392.6	440.28	119.342	1.5685	150000.0	1
21,853	1392.65	440.28	119.346	1.5092	150000.0	1
21,854	1392.7	440.28	119.35	1.451	150000.0	1
21,855	1392.75	440.28	119.354	1.394	150000.0	1
21,856	1392.8	440.28	119.358	1.3381	150000.0	1
21,857	1392.85	440.28	119.363	1.2833	150000.0	1
21,858	1392.9	440.28	119.367	1.2297	150000.0	1
21,859	1392.95	440.28	119.371	1.1773	150000.0	1
21,860	1393.0	440.28	119.375	1.126	150000.0	1
21,861	1393.05	440.28	119.379	1.0758	150000.0	1
21,862	1393.1	440.28	119.383	1.0268	150000.0	1
21,863	1393.15	440.28	119.388	0.979	150000.0	1
21,864	1393.2	440.28	119.392	0.9322	150000.0	1
21,865	1393.25	440.23	119.345	2.4547	150000.0	1
21,866	1393.3	440.23	119.35	2.3803	150000.0	1
21,867	1393.35	440.23	119.354	2.3071	150000.0	1
21,868	1393.4	440.23	119.358	2.235	150000.0	1
21,869	1393.45	440.23	119.362	2.164	150000.0	1
21,870	1393.5	440.23	119.366	2.0943	150000.0	1
21,871	1393.55	440.23	119.37	2.0256	150000.0	1
21,872	1393.6	440.23	119.374	1.9581	150000.0	1
21,873	1393.65	440.23	119.379	1.8918	150000.0	1
21,874	1393.7	440.23	119.383	1.8266	150000.0	1
21,875	1393.75	440.23	119.387	1.7625	150000.0	1
21,876	1393.8	440.23	119.391	1.6996	150000.0	1
21,877	1393.85	440.23	119.395	1.6379	150000.0	1
21,878	1393.9	440.23	119.399	1.5773	150000.0	1
21,879	1393.95	440.23	119.404	1.5178	150000.0	1
21,880	1394.0	440.23	119.408	1.4595	150000.0	1
21,881	1394.05	440.23	119.412	1.4023	150000.0	1
21,882	1394.1	440.23	119.416	1.3463	150000.0	1
21,883	1394.15	440.23	119.42	1.2914	150000.0	1
21,884	1394.2	440.23	119.424	1.2377	150000.0	1
21,885	1394.25	440.23	119.429	1.1851	150000.0	1
21,886	1394.3	440.23	119.433	1.1337	150000.0	1
21,887	1394.35	440.23	119.437	1.0834	150000.0	1
21,888	1394.4	440.23	119.441	1.0342	150000.0	1
21,889	1394.45	440.23	119.445	0.9862	150000.0	1
21,890	1394.5	440.23	119.449	0.9394	150000.0	1
21,891	1394.55	440.18	119.403	2.4649	150000.0	1
21,892	1394.6	440.18	119.407	2.3904	150000.0	1
21,893	1394.65	440.18	119.411	2.3171	150000.0	1
21,894	1394.7	440.18	119.415	2.2449	150000.0	1
21,895	1394.75	440.18	119.42	2.1738	150000.0	1
21,896	1394.8	440.18	119.424	2.1039	150000.0	1
21,897	1394.85	440.18	119.428	2.0352	150000.0	1
21,898	1394.9	440.18	119.432	1.9676	150000.0	1
21,899	1394.95	440.18	119.436	1.9011	150000.0	1
21,900	1395.0	440.18	119.44	1.8358	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →