Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

22,101–22,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
22,101	1405.05	439.8	119.918	0.9622	150000.0	1
22,102	1405.1	439.75	119.871	2.5133	150000.0	1
22,103	1405.15	439.75	119.875	2.4385	150000.0	1
22,104	1405.2	439.75	119.879	2.3649	150000.0	1
22,105	1405.25	439.75	119.883	2.2923	150000.0	1
22,106	1405.3	439.75	119.887	2.221	150000.0	1
22,107	1405.35	439.75	119.892	2.1507	150000.0	1
22,108	1405.4	439.75	119.896	2.0816	150000.0	1
22,109	1405.45	439.75	119.9	2.0136	150000.0	1
22,110	1405.5	439.75	119.904	1.9468	150000.0	1
22,111	1405.55	439.75	119.908	1.8811	150000.0	1
22,112	1405.6	439.75	119.912	1.8165	150000.0	1
22,113	1405.65	439.75	119.917	1.753	150000.0	1
22,114	1405.7	439.75	119.921	1.6907	150000.0	1
22,115	1405.75	439.75	119.925	1.6295	150000.0	1
22,116	1405.8	439.75	119.929	1.5695	150000.0	1
22,117	1405.85	439.75	119.933	1.5106	150000.0	1
22,118	1405.9	439.75	119.937	1.4528	150000.0	1
22,119	1405.95	439.75	119.942	1.3961	150000.0	1
22,120	1406.0	439.75	119.946	1.3406	150000.0	1
22,121	1406.05	439.75	119.95	1.2862	150000.0	1
22,122	1406.1	439.75	119.954	1.2329	150000.0	1
22,123	1406.15	439.75	119.958	1.1808	150000.0	1
22,124	1406.2	439.75	119.962	1.1298	150000.0	1
22,125	1406.25	439.75	119.967	1.0799	150000.0	1
22,126	1406.3	439.75	119.971	1.0312	150000.0	1
22,127	1406.35	439.75	119.975	0.9836	150000.0	1
22,128	1406.4	439.75	119.979	0.9371	150000.0	1
22,129	1406.45	439.69	119.931	2.4922	150000.0	1
22,130	1406.5	439.69	119.935	2.4178	150000.0	1
22,131	1406.55	439.69	119.94	2.3445	150000.0	1
22,132	1406.6	439.69	119.944	2.2724	150000.0	1
22,133	1406.65	439.69	119.948	2.2014	150000.0	1
22,134	1406.7	439.69	119.952	2.1315	150000.0	1
22,135	1406.75	439.69	119.956	2.0627	150000.0	1
22,136	1406.8	439.69	119.96	1.9951	150000.0	1
22,137	1406.85	439.69	119.965	1.9286	150000.0	1
22,138	1406.9	439.69	119.969	1.8633	150000.0	1
22,139	1406.95	439.69	119.973	1.7991	150000.0	1
22,140	1407.0	439.69	119.977	1.736	150000.0	1
22,141	1407.05	439.69	119.981	1.674	150000.0	1
22,142	1407.1	439.69	119.985	1.6132	150000.0	1
22,143	1407.15	439.69	119.99	1.5535	150000.0	1
22,144	1407.2	439.69	119.994	1.4949	150000.0	1
22,145	1407.25	439.69	119.998	1.4375	150000.0	1
22,146	1407.3	439.69	120.002	1.3812	150000.0	1
22,147	1407.35	439.69	120.006	1.326	150000.0	1
22,148	1407.4	439.69	120.01	1.2719	150000.0	1
22,149	1407.45	439.69	120.015	1.219	150000.0	1
22,150	1407.5	439.69	120.019	1.1672	150000.0	1
22,151	1407.55	439.69	120.023	1.1165	150000.0	1
22,152	1407.6	439.69	120.027	1.067	150000.0	1
22,153	1407.65	439.69	120.031	1.0186	150000.0	1
22,154	1407.7	439.69	120.035	0.9713	150000.0	1
22,155	1407.75	439.64	119.988	2.5286	150000.0	1
22,156	1407.8	439.64	119.992	2.4537	150000.0	1
22,157	1407.85	439.64	119.996	2.3799	150000.0	1
22,158	1407.9	439.64	120.0	2.3073	150000.0	1
22,159	1407.95	439.64	120.004	2.2358	150000.0	1
22,160	1408.0	439.64	120.008	2.1654	150000.0	1
22,161	1408.05	439.64	120.013	2.0962	150000.0	1
22,162	1408.1	439.64	120.017	2.0281	150000.0	1
22,163	1408.15	439.64	120.021	1.9611	150000.0	1
22,164	1408.2	439.64	120.025	1.8952	150000.0	1
22,165	1408.25	439.64	120.029	1.8305	150000.0	1
22,166	1408.3	439.64	120.033	1.7669	150000.0	1
22,167	1408.35	439.64	120.037	1.7044	150000.0	1
22,168	1408.4	439.64	120.042	1.6431	150000.0	1
22,169	1408.45	439.64	120.046	1.5829	150000.0	1
22,170	1408.5	439.64	120.05	1.5238	150000.0	1
22,171	1408.55	439.64	120.054	1.4658	150000.0	1
22,172	1408.6	439.64	120.058	1.409	150000.0	1
22,173	1408.65	439.64	120.062	1.3533	150000.0	1
22,174	1408.7	439.64	120.067	1.2987	150000.0	1
22,175	1408.75	439.64	120.071	1.2453	150000.0	1
22,176	1408.8	439.64	120.075	1.1929	150000.0	1
22,177	1408.85	439.64	120.079	1.1417	150000.0	1
22,178	1408.9	439.64	120.083	1.0917	150000.0	1
22,179	1408.95	439.64	120.087	1.0427	150000.0	1
22,180	1409.0	439.64	120.092	0.9949	150000.0	1
22,181	1409.05	439.64	120.096	0.9482	150000.0	1
22,182	1409.1	439.58	120.048	2.5095	150000.0	1
22,183	1409.15	439.58	120.052	2.4349	150000.0	1
22,184	1409.2	439.58	120.056	2.3615	150000.0	1
22,185	1409.25	439.58	120.06	2.2892	150000.0	1
22,186	1409.3	439.58	120.064	2.218	150000.0	1
22,187	1409.35	439.58	120.069	2.148	150000.0	1
22,188	1409.4	439.58	120.073	2.0791	150000.0	1
22,189	1409.45	439.58	120.077	2.0113	150000.0	1
22,190	1409.5	439.58	120.081	1.9446	150000.0	1
22,191	1409.55	439.58	120.085	1.8791	150000.0	1
22,192	1409.6	439.58	120.089	1.8147	150000.0	1
22,193	1409.65	439.58	120.094	1.7514	150000.0	1
22,194	1409.7	439.58	120.098	1.6893	150000.0	1
22,195	1409.75	439.58	120.102	1.6283	150000.0	1
22,196	1409.8	439.58	120.106	1.5684	150000.0	1
22,197	1409.85	439.58	120.11	1.5096	150000.0	1
22,198	1409.9	439.58	120.114	1.452	150000.0	1
22,199	1409.95	439.58	120.119	1.3954	150000.0	1
22,200	1410.0	439.58	120.123	1.3401	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →