Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

22,401–22,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
22,401	1420.05	439.14	120.538	2.1921	150000.0	1
22,402	1420.1	439.14	120.542	2.1229	150000.0	1
22,403	1420.15	439.14	120.546	2.0548	150000.0	1
22,404	1420.2	439.14	120.55	1.9878	150000.0	1
22,405	1420.25	439.14	120.554	1.922	150000.0	1
22,406	1420.3	439.14	120.559	1.8572	150000.0	1
22,407	1420.35	439.14	120.563	1.7936	150000.0	1
22,408	1420.4	439.14	120.567	1.731	150000.0	1
22,409	1420.45	439.14	120.571	1.6696	150000.0	1
22,410	1420.5	439.14	120.575	1.6093	150000.0	1
22,411	1420.55	439.14	120.579	1.5502	150000.0	1
22,412	1420.6	439.14	120.584	1.4921	150000.0	1
22,413	1420.65	439.14	120.588	1.4351	150000.0	1
22,414	1420.7	439.14	120.592	1.3793	150000.0	1
22,415	1420.75	439.14	120.596	1.3246	150000.0	1
22,416	1420.8	439.14	120.6	1.2709	150000.0	1
22,417	1420.85	439.14	120.604	1.2184	150000.0	1
22,418	1420.9	439.14	120.609	1.167	150000.0	1
22,419	1420.95	439.14	120.613	1.1168	150000.0	1
22,420	1421.0	439.14	120.617	1.0676	150000.0	1
22,421	1421.05	439.14	120.621	1.0195	150000.0	1
22,422	1421.1	439.14	120.625	0.9726	150000.0	1
22,423	1421.15	439.09	120.576	2.5619	150000.0	1
22,424	1421.2	439.09	120.58	2.4871	150000.0	1
22,425	1421.25	439.09	120.584	2.4134	150000.0	1
22,426	1421.3	439.09	120.589	2.3408	150000.0	1
22,427	1421.35	439.09	120.593	2.2693	150000.0	1
22,428	1421.4	439.09	120.597	2.1989	150000.0	1
22,429	1421.45	439.09	120.601	2.1297	150000.0	1
22,430	1421.5	439.09	120.605	2.0615	150000.0	1
22,431	1421.55	439.09	120.609	1.9945	150000.0	1
22,432	1421.6	439.09	120.614	1.9286	150000.0	1
22,433	1421.65	439.09	120.618	1.8637	150000.0	1
22,434	1421.7	439.09	120.622	1.8	150000.0	1
22,435	1421.75	439.09	120.626	1.7375	150000.0	1
22,436	1421.8	439.09	120.63	1.676	150000.0	1
22,437	1421.85	439.09	120.634	1.6156	150000.0	1
22,438	1421.9	439.09	120.639	1.5564	150000.0	1
22,439	1421.95	439.09	120.643	1.4982	150000.0	1
22,440	1422.0	439.09	120.647	1.4412	150000.0	1
22,441	1422.05	439.09	120.651	1.3853	150000.0	1
22,442	1422.1	439.09	120.655	1.3305	150000.0	1
22,443	1422.15	439.09	120.659	1.2768	150000.0	1
22,444	1422.2	439.09	120.664	1.2242	150000.0	1
22,445	1422.25	439.09	120.668	1.1727	150000.0	1
22,446	1422.3	439.09	120.672	1.1223	150000.0	1
22,447	1422.35	439.09	120.676	1.0731	150000.0	1
22,448	1422.4	439.09	120.68	1.0249	150000.0	1
22,449	1422.45	439.09	120.684	0.9779	150000.0	1
22,450	1422.5	439.03	120.635	2.5703	150000.0	1
22,451	1422.55	439.03	120.639	2.4954	150000.0	1
22,452	1422.6	439.03	120.643	2.4216	150000.0	1
22,453	1422.65	439.03	120.648	2.3489	150000.0	1
22,454	1422.7	439.03	120.652	2.2774	150000.0	1
22,455	1422.75	439.03	120.656	2.2069	150000.0	1
22,456	1422.8	439.03	120.66	2.1376	150000.0	1
22,457	1422.85	439.03	120.664	2.0694	150000.0	1
22,458	1422.9	439.03	120.668	2.0023	150000.0	1
22,459	1422.95	439.03	120.673	1.9362	150000.0	1
22,460	1423.0	439.03	120.677	1.8714	150000.0	1
22,461	1423.05	439.03	120.681	1.8076	150000.0	1
22,462	1423.1	439.03	120.685	1.7449	150000.0	1
22,463	1423.15	439.03	120.689	1.6833	150000.0	1
22,464	1423.2	439.03	120.693	1.6229	150000.0	1
22,465	1423.25	439.03	120.698	1.5635	150000.0	1
22,466	1423.3	439.03	120.702	1.5053	150000.0	1
22,467	1423.35	439.03	120.706	1.4482	150000.0	1
22,468	1423.4	439.03	120.71	1.3922	150000.0	1
22,469	1423.45	439.03	120.714	1.3373	150000.0	1
22,470	1423.5	439.03	120.718	1.2835	150000.0	1
22,471	1423.55	439.03	120.723	1.2308	150000.0	1
22,472	1423.6	439.03	120.727	1.1792	150000.0	1
22,473	1423.65	439.03	120.731	1.1287	150000.0	1
22,474	1423.7	439.03	120.735	1.0794	150000.0	1
22,475	1423.75	439.03	120.739	1.0311	150000.0	1
22,476	1423.8	439.03	120.743	0.9839	150000.0	1
22,477	1423.85	438.97	120.694	2.5794	150000.0	1
22,478	1423.9	438.97	120.698	2.5044	150000.0	1
22,479	1423.95	438.97	120.702	2.4305	150000.0	1
22,480	1424.0	438.97	120.706	2.3578	150000.0	1
22,481	1424.05	438.97	120.711	2.2861	150000.0	1
22,482	1424.1	438.97	120.715	2.2156	150000.0	1
22,483	1424.15	438.97	120.719	2.1462	150000.0	1
22,484	1424.2	438.97	120.723	2.0779	150000.0	1
22,485	1424.25	438.97	120.727	2.0107	150000.0	1
22,486	1424.3	438.97	120.731	1.9446	150000.0	1
22,487	1424.35	438.97	120.736	1.8796	150000.0	1
22,488	1424.4	438.97	120.74	1.8157	150000.0	1
22,489	1424.45	438.97	120.744	1.753	150000.0	1
22,490	1424.5	438.97	120.748	1.6913	150000.0	1
22,491	1424.55	438.97	120.752	1.6307	150000.0	1
22,492	1424.6	438.97	120.756	1.5713	150000.0	1
22,493	1424.65	438.97	120.761	1.513	150000.0	1
22,494	1424.7	438.97	120.765	1.4557	150000.0	1
22,495	1424.75	438.97	120.769	1.3996	150000.0	1
22,496	1424.8	438.97	120.773	1.3446	150000.0	1
22,497	1424.85	438.97	120.777	1.2907	150000.0	1
22,498	1424.9	438.97	120.781	1.2379	150000.0	1
22,499	1424.95	438.97	120.786	1.1862	150000.0	1
22,500	1425.0	438.97	120.79	1.1356	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-09-30).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →