Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

17,801–17,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
17,801	1190.05	447.25	109.308	0.3945	150000.0	1
17,802	1190.1	447.25	109.312	0.3621	150000.0	1
17,803	1190.15	447.22	109.29	1.2201	150000.0	1
17,804	1190.2	447.22	109.294	1.1625	150000.0	1
17,805	1190.25	447.22	109.298	1.1064	150000.0	1
17,806	1190.3	447.22	109.303	1.0517	150000.0	1
17,807	1190.35	447.22	109.307	0.9984	150000.0	1
17,808	1190.4	447.22	109.311	0.9464	150000.0	1
17,809	1190.45	447.22	109.315	0.8959	150000.0	1
17,810	1190.5	447.22	109.319	0.8467	150000.0	1
17,811	1190.55	447.22	109.323	0.7989	150000.0	1
17,812	1190.6	447.22	109.327	0.7525	150000.0	1
17,813	1190.65	447.22	109.331	0.7076	150000.0	1
17,814	1190.7	447.22	109.335	0.6639	150000.0	1
17,815	1190.75	447.22	109.339	0.6217	150000.0	1
17,816	1190.8	447.22	109.343	0.5809	150000.0	1
17,817	1190.85	447.22	109.348	0.5414	150000.0	1
17,818	1190.9	447.22	109.352	0.5034	150000.0	1
17,819	1190.95	447.22	109.356	0.4667	150000.0	1
17,820	1191.0	447.22	109.36	0.4314	150000.0	1
17,821	1191.05	447.22	109.364	0.3975	150000.0	1
17,822	1191.1	447.22	109.368	0.3649	150000.0	1
17,823	1191.15	447.2	109.346	1.2271	150000.0	1
17,824	1191.2	447.2	109.35	1.1694	150000.0	1
17,825	1191.25	447.2	109.354	1.1132	150000.0	1
17,826	1191.3	447.2	109.358	1.0583	150000.0	1
17,827	1191.35	447.2	109.362	1.0048	150000.0	1
17,828	1191.4	447.2	109.366	0.9527	150000.0	1
17,829	1191.45	447.2	109.37	0.902	150000.0	1
17,830	1191.5	447.2	109.375	0.8527	150000.0	1
17,831	1191.55	447.2	109.379	0.8048	150000.0	1
17,832	1191.6	447.2	109.383	0.7582	150000.0	1
17,833	1191.65	447.2	109.387	0.7131	150000.0	1
17,834	1191.7	447.2	109.391	0.6693	150000.0	1
17,835	1191.75	447.2	109.395	0.6269	150000.0	1
17,836	1191.8	447.2	109.399	0.5859	150000.0	1
17,837	1191.85	447.2	109.403	0.5463	150000.0	1
17,838	1191.9	447.2	109.407	0.5081	150000.0	1
17,839	1191.95	447.2	109.411	0.4712	150000.0	1
17,840	1192.0	447.2	109.415	0.4358	150000.0	1
17,841	1192.05	447.2	109.42	0.4017	150000.0	1
17,842	1192.1	447.2	109.424	0.369	150000.0	1
17,843	1192.15	447.17	109.401	1.2353	150000.0	1
17,844	1192.2	447.17	109.405	1.1775	150000.0	1
17,845	1192.25	447.17	109.41	1.121	150000.0	1
17,846	1192.3	447.17	109.414	1.066	150000.0	1
17,847	1192.35	447.17	109.418	1.0123	150000.0	1
17,848	1192.4	447.17	109.422	0.96	150000.0	1
17,849	1192.45	447.17	109.426	0.9092	150000.0	1
17,850	1192.5	447.17	109.43	0.8597	150000.0	1
17,851	1192.55	447.17	109.434	0.8116	150000.0	1
17,852	1192.6	447.17	109.438	0.7648	150000.0	1
17,853	1192.65	447.17	109.442	0.7195	150000.0	1
17,854	1192.7	447.17	109.446	0.6756	150000.0	1
17,855	1192.75	447.17	109.45	0.633	150000.0	1
17,856	1192.8	447.17	109.455	0.5918	150000.0	1
17,857	1192.85	447.17	109.459	0.552	150000.0	1
17,858	1192.9	447.17	109.463	0.5136	150000.0	1
17,859	1192.95	447.17	109.467	0.4766	150000.0	1
17,860	1193.0	447.17	109.471	0.4409	150000.0	1
17,861	1193.05	447.17	109.475	0.4066	150000.0	1
17,862	1193.1	447.17	109.479	0.3737	150000.0	1
17,863	1193.15	447.14	109.457	1.2441	150000.0	1
17,864	1193.2	447.14	109.461	1.1861	150000.0	1
17,865	1193.25	447.14	109.465	1.1295	150000.0	1
17,866	1193.3	447.14	109.469	1.0742	150000.0	1
17,867	1193.35	447.14	109.473	1.0204	150000.0	1
17,868	1193.4	447.14	109.477	0.9679	150000.0	1
17,869	1193.45	447.14	109.481	0.9168	150000.0	1
17,870	1193.5	447.14	109.485	0.8672	150000.0	1
17,871	1193.55	447.14	109.489	0.8189	150000.0	1
17,872	1193.6	447.14	109.494	0.7719	150000.0	1
17,873	1193.65	447.14	109.498	0.7264	150000.0	1
17,874	1193.7	447.14	109.502	0.6823	150000.0	1
17,875	1193.75	447.14	109.506	0.6395	150000.0	1
17,876	1193.8	447.14	109.51	0.5981	150000.0	1
17,877	1193.85	447.14	109.514	0.5581	150000.0	1
17,878	1193.9	447.14	109.518	0.5195	150000.0	1
17,879	1193.95	447.14	109.522	0.4823	150000.0	1
17,880	1194.0	447.14	109.526	0.4464	150000.0	1
17,881	1194.05	447.14	109.53	0.4119	150000.0	1
17,882	1194.1	447.14	109.534	0.3788	150000.0	1
17,883	1194.15	447.11	109.512	1.2533	150000.0	1
17,884	1194.2	447.11	109.516	1.1951	150000.0	1
17,885	1194.25	447.11	109.52	1.1383	150000.0	1
17,886	1194.3	447.11	109.524	1.0828	150000.0	1
17,887	1194.35	447.11	109.528	1.0288	150000.0	1
17,888	1194.4	447.11	109.532	0.9761	150000.0	1
17,889	1194.45	447.11	109.536	0.9248	150000.0	1
17,890	1194.5	447.11	109.541	0.8749	150000.0	1
17,891	1194.55	447.11	109.545	0.8264	150000.0	1
17,892	1194.6	447.11	109.549	0.7793	150000.0	1
17,893	1194.65	447.11	109.553	0.7336	150000.0	1
17,894	1194.7	447.11	109.557	0.6892	150000.0	1
17,895	1194.75	447.11	109.561	0.6463	150000.0	1
17,896	1194.8	447.11	109.565	0.6047	150000.0	1
17,897	1194.85	447.11	109.569	0.5645	150000.0	1
17,898	1194.9	447.11	109.573	0.5256	150000.0	1
17,899	1194.95	447.11	109.577	0.4882	150000.0	1
17,900	1195.0	447.11	109.582	0.4521	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →