Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

17,601–17,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
17,601	1180.05	447.52	108.744	0.4986	150000.0	1
17,602	1180.1	447.52	108.748	0.462	150000.0	1
17,603	1180.15	447.52	108.752	0.4267	150000.0	1
17,604	1180.2	447.52	108.756	0.3929	150000.0	1
17,605	1180.25	447.52	108.76	0.3604	150000.0	1
17,606	1180.3	447.49	108.739	1.1752	150000.0	1
17,607	1180.35	447.49	108.743	1.1186	150000.0	1
17,608	1180.4	447.49	108.748	1.0634	150000.0	1
17,609	1180.45	447.49	108.752	1.0095	150000.0	1
17,610	1180.5	447.49	108.756	0.9571	150000.0	1
17,611	1180.55	447.49	108.76	0.9061	150000.0	1
17,612	1180.6	447.49	108.764	0.8565	150000.0	1
17,613	1180.65	447.49	108.768	0.8083	150000.0	1
17,614	1180.7	447.49	108.772	0.7614	150000.0	1
17,615	1180.75	447.49	108.776	0.716	150000.0	1
17,616	1180.8	447.49	108.78	0.672	150000.0	1
17,617	1180.85	447.49	108.784	0.6294	150000.0	1
17,618	1180.9	447.49	108.788	0.5881	150000.0	1
17,619	1180.95	447.49	108.793	0.5483	150000.0	1
17,620	1181.0	447.49	108.797	0.5098	150000.0	1
17,621	1181.05	447.49	108.801	0.4728	150000.0	1
17,622	1181.1	447.49	108.805	0.4371	150000.0	1
17,623	1181.15	447.49	108.809	0.4028	150000.0	1
17,624	1181.2	447.49	108.813	0.37	150000.0	1
17,625	1181.25	447.49	108.817	0.3385	150000.0	1
17,626	1181.3	447.46	108.796	1.1588	150000.0	1
17,627	1181.35	447.46	108.8	1.1026	150000.0	1
17,628	1181.4	447.46	108.804	1.0478	150000.0	1
17,629	1181.45	447.46	108.809	0.9944	150000.0	1
17,630	1181.5	447.46	108.813	0.9424	150000.0	1
17,631	1181.55	447.46	108.817	0.8918	150000.0	1
17,632	1181.6	447.46	108.821	0.8426	150000.0	1
17,633	1181.65	447.46	108.825	0.7948	150000.0	1
17,634	1181.7	447.46	108.829	0.7484	150000.0	1
17,635	1181.75	447.46	108.833	0.7033	150000.0	1
17,636	1181.8	447.46	108.837	0.6597	150000.0	1
17,637	1181.85	447.46	108.841	0.6175	150000.0	1
17,638	1181.9	447.46	108.845	0.5767	150000.0	1
17,639	1181.95	447.46	108.849	0.5373	150000.0	1
17,640	1182.0	447.46	108.854	0.4992	150000.0	1
17,641	1182.05	447.46	108.858	0.4626	150000.0	1
17,642	1182.1	447.46	108.862	0.4273	150000.0	1
17,643	1182.15	447.46	108.866	0.3934	150000.0	1
17,644	1182.2	447.46	108.87	0.361	150000.0	1
17,645	1182.25	447.44	108.849	1.1844	150000.0	1
17,646	1182.3	447.44	108.853	1.1276	150000.0	1
17,647	1182.35	447.44	108.857	1.0722	150000.0	1
17,648	1182.4	447.44	108.861	1.0182	150000.0	1
17,649	1182.45	447.44	108.865	0.9656	150000.0	1
17,650	1182.5	447.44	108.869	0.9143	150000.0	1
17,651	1182.55	447.44	108.874	0.8645	150000.0	1
17,652	1182.6	447.44	108.878	0.8161	150000.0	1
17,653	1182.65	447.44	108.882	0.7691	150000.0	1
17,654	1182.7	447.44	108.886	0.7235	150000.0	1
17,655	1182.75	447.44	108.89	0.6792	150000.0	1
17,656	1182.8	447.44	108.894	0.6364	150000.0	1
17,657	1182.85	447.44	108.898	0.595	150000.0	1
17,658	1182.9	447.44	108.902	0.5549	150000.0	1
17,659	1182.95	447.44	108.906	0.5163	150000.0	1
17,660	1183.0	447.44	108.91	0.479	150000.0	1
17,661	1183.05	447.44	108.914	0.4431	150000.0	1
17,662	1183.1	447.44	108.919	0.4086	150000.0	1
17,663	1183.15	447.44	108.923	0.3755	150000.0	1
17,664	1183.2	447.44	108.927	0.3438	150000.0	1
17,665	1183.25	447.41	108.906	1.1725	150000.0	1
17,666	1183.3	447.41	108.91	1.116	150000.0	1
17,667	1183.35	447.41	108.914	1.0609	150000.0	1
17,668	1183.4	447.41	108.918	1.0072	150000.0	1
17,669	1183.45	447.41	108.922	0.9549	150000.0	1
17,670	1183.5	447.41	108.926	0.904	150000.0	1
17,671	1183.55	447.41	108.93	0.8545	150000.0	1
17,672	1183.6	447.41	108.934	0.8064	150000.0	1
17,673	1183.65	447.41	108.938	0.7596	150000.0	1
17,674	1183.7	447.41	108.942	0.7143	150000.0	1
17,675	1183.75	447.41	108.947	0.6704	150000.0	1
17,676	1183.8	447.41	108.951	0.6279	150000.0	1
17,677	1183.85	447.41	108.955	0.5867	150000.0	1
17,678	1183.9	447.41	108.959	0.547	150000.0	1
17,679	1183.95	447.41	108.963	0.5086	150000.0	1
17,680	1184.0	447.41	108.967	0.4716	150000.0	1
17,681	1184.05	447.41	108.971	0.436	150000.0	1
17,682	1184.1	447.41	108.975	0.4019	150000.0	1
17,683	1184.15	447.41	108.979	0.369	150000.0	1
17,684	1184.2	447.39	108.958	1.2007	150000.0	1
17,685	1184.25	447.39	108.962	1.1435	150000.0	1
17,686	1184.3	447.39	108.966	1.0878	150000.0	1
17,687	1184.35	447.39	108.97	1.0334	150000.0	1
17,688	1184.4	447.39	108.974	0.9804	150000.0	1
17,689	1184.45	447.39	108.978	0.9288	150000.0	1
17,690	1184.5	447.39	108.983	0.8787	150000.0	1
17,691	1184.55	447.39	108.987	0.8299	150000.0	1
17,692	1184.6	447.39	108.991	0.7825	150000.0	1
17,693	1184.65	447.39	108.995	0.7365	150000.0	1
17,694	1184.7	447.39	108.999	0.6919	150000.0	1
17,695	1184.75	447.39	109.003	0.6487	150000.0	1
17,696	1184.8	447.39	109.007	0.6069	150000.0	1
17,697	1184.85	447.39	109.011	0.5664	150000.0	1
17,698	1184.9	447.39	109.015	0.5274	150000.0	1
17,699	1184.95	447.39	109.019	0.4898	150000.0	1
17,700	1185.0	447.39	109.023	0.4535	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →