Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

17,701–17,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
17,701	1185.05	447.39	109.028	0.4186	150000.0	1
17,702	1185.1	447.39	109.032	0.3852	150000.0	1
17,703	1185.15	447.39	109.036	0.3531	150000.0	1
17,704	1185.2	447.36	109.014	1.1899	150000.0	1
17,705	1185.25	447.36	109.018	1.133	150000.0	1
17,706	1185.3	447.36	109.023	1.0775	150000.0	1
17,707	1185.35	447.36	109.027	1.0234	150000.0	1
17,708	1185.4	447.36	109.031	0.9707	150000.0	1
17,709	1185.45	447.36	109.035	0.9194	150000.0	1
17,710	1185.5	447.36	109.039	0.8695	150000.0	1
17,711	1185.55	447.36	109.043	0.821	150000.0	1
17,712	1185.6	447.36	109.047	0.7739	150000.0	1
17,713	1185.65	447.36	109.051	0.7281	150000.0	1
17,714	1185.7	447.36	109.055	0.6838	150000.0	1
17,715	1185.75	447.36	109.059	0.6409	150000.0	1
17,716	1185.8	447.36	109.063	0.5993	150000.0	1
17,717	1185.85	447.36	109.068	0.5592	150000.0	1
17,718	1185.9	447.36	109.072	0.5204	150000.0	1
17,719	1185.95	447.36	109.076	0.483	150000.0	1
17,720	1186.0	447.36	109.08	0.4471	150000.0	1
17,721	1186.05	447.36	109.084	0.4124	150000.0	1
17,722	1186.1	447.36	109.088	0.3792	150000.0	1
17,723	1186.15	447.36	109.092	0.3474	150000.0	1
17,724	1186.2	447.33	109.071	1.1889	150000.0	1
17,725	1186.25	447.33	109.075	1.132	150000.0	1
17,726	1186.3	447.33	109.079	1.0766	150000.0	1
17,727	1186.35	447.33	109.083	1.0225	150000.0	1
17,728	1186.4	447.33	109.087	0.9699	150000.0	1
17,729	1186.45	447.33	109.091	0.9186	150000.0	1
17,730	1186.5	447.33	109.095	0.8687	150000.0	1
17,731	1186.55	447.33	109.099	0.8203	150000.0	1
17,732	1186.6	447.33	109.103	0.7732	150000.0	1
17,733	1186.65	447.33	109.107	0.7275	150000.0	1
17,734	1186.7	447.33	109.112	0.6832	150000.0	1
17,735	1186.75	447.33	109.116	0.6403	150000.0	1
17,736	1186.8	447.33	109.12	0.5988	150000.0	1
17,737	1186.85	447.33	109.124	0.5587	150000.0	1
17,738	1186.9	447.33	109.128	0.52	150000.0	1
17,739	1186.95	447.33	109.132	0.4826	150000.0	1
17,740	1187.0	447.33	109.136	0.4466	150000.0	1
17,741	1187.05	447.33	109.14	0.4121	150000.0	1
17,742	1187.1	447.33	109.144	0.3789	150000.0	1
17,743	1187.15	447.31	109.123	1.223	150000.0	1
17,744	1187.2	447.31	109.127	1.1654	150000.0	1
17,745	1187.25	447.31	109.131	1.1091	150000.0	1
17,746	1187.3	447.31	109.135	1.0543	150000.0	1
17,747	1187.35	447.31	109.139	1.0008	150000.0	1
17,748	1187.4	447.31	109.143	0.9487	150000.0	1
17,749	1187.45	447.31	109.147	0.8981	150000.0	1
17,750	1187.5	447.31	109.151	0.8488	150000.0	1
17,751	1187.55	447.31	109.155	0.8009	150000.0	1
17,752	1187.6	447.31	109.16	0.7544	150000.0	1
17,753	1187.65	447.31	109.164	0.7093	150000.0	1
17,754	1187.7	447.31	109.168	0.6656	150000.0	1
17,755	1187.75	447.31	109.172	0.6233	150000.0	1
17,756	1187.8	447.31	109.176	0.5824	150000.0	1
17,757	1187.85	447.31	109.18	0.5428	150000.0	1
17,758	1187.9	447.31	109.184	0.5046	150000.0	1
17,759	1187.95	447.31	109.188	0.4679	150000.0	1
17,760	1188.0	447.31	109.192	0.4325	150000.0	1
17,761	1188.05	447.31	109.196	0.3985	150000.0	1
17,762	1188.1	447.31	109.2	0.3659	150000.0	1
17,763	1188.15	447.28	109.179	1.2149	150000.0	1
17,764	1188.2	447.28	109.183	1.1575	150000.0	1
17,765	1188.25	447.28	109.187	1.1015	150000.0	1
17,766	1188.3	447.28	109.191	1.0468	150000.0	1
17,767	1188.35	447.28	109.195	0.9936	150000.0	1
17,768	1188.4	447.28	109.199	0.9417	150000.0	1
17,769	1188.45	447.28	109.203	0.8913	150000.0	1
17,770	1188.5	447.28	109.207	0.8422	150000.0	1
17,771	1188.55	447.28	109.211	0.7945	150000.0	1
17,772	1188.6	447.28	109.216	0.7482	150000.0	1
17,773	1188.65	447.28	109.22	0.7033	150000.0	1
17,774	1188.7	447.28	109.224	0.6598	150000.0	1
17,775	1188.75	447.28	109.228	0.6177	150000.0	1
17,776	1188.8	447.28	109.232	0.577	150000.0	1
17,777	1188.85	447.28	109.236	0.5376	150000.0	1
17,778	1188.9	447.28	109.24	0.4997	150000.0	1
17,779	1188.95	447.28	109.244	0.4631	150000.0	1
17,780	1189.0	447.28	109.248	0.4279	150000.0	1
17,781	1189.05	447.28	109.252	0.3941	150000.0	1
17,782	1189.1	447.28	109.256	0.3617	150000.0	1
17,783	1189.15	447.25	109.235	1.2153	150000.0	1
17,784	1189.2	447.25	109.239	1.1579	150000.0	1
17,785	1189.25	447.25	109.243	1.1019	150000.0	1
17,786	1189.3	447.25	109.247	1.0472	150000.0	1
17,787	1189.35	447.25	109.251	0.994	150000.0	1
17,788	1189.4	447.25	109.255	0.9421	150000.0	1
17,789	1189.45	447.25	109.259	0.8917	150000.0	1
17,790	1189.5	447.25	109.263	0.8426	150000.0	1
17,791	1189.55	447.25	109.267	0.795	150000.0	1
17,792	1189.6	447.25	109.271	0.7487	150000.0	1
17,793	1189.65	447.25	109.275	0.7038	150000.0	1
17,794	1189.7	447.25	109.28	0.6603	150000.0	1
17,795	1189.75	447.25	109.284	0.6182	150000.0	1
17,796	1189.8	447.25	109.288	0.5774	150000.0	1
17,797	1189.85	447.25	109.292	0.5381	150000.0	1
17,798	1189.9	447.25	109.296	0.5001	150000.0	1
17,799	1189.95	447.25	109.3	0.4635	150000.0	1
17,800	1190.0	447.25	109.304	0.4283	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →