Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

17,901–18,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
17,901	1195.05	447.11	109.586	0.4174	150000.0	1
17,902	1195.1	447.11	109.59	0.3841	150000.0	1
17,903	1195.15	447.09	109.567	1.2626	150000.0	1
17,904	1195.2	447.09	109.571	1.2042	150000.0	1
17,905	1195.25	447.09	109.575	1.1472	150000.0	1
17,906	1195.3	447.09	109.579	1.0916	150000.0	1
17,907	1195.35	447.09	109.583	1.0373	150000.0	1
17,908	1195.4	447.09	109.587	0.9844	150000.0	1
17,909	1195.45	447.09	109.592	0.933	150000.0	1
17,910	1195.5	447.09	109.596	0.8829	150000.0	1
17,911	1195.55	447.09	109.6	0.8342	150000.0	1
17,912	1195.6	447.09	109.604	0.7868	150000.0	1
17,913	1195.65	447.09	109.608	0.7409	150000.0	1
17,914	1195.7	447.09	109.612	0.6963	150000.0	1
17,915	1195.75	447.09	109.616	0.6532	150000.0	1
17,916	1195.8	447.09	109.62	0.6114	150000.0	1
17,917	1195.85	447.09	109.624	0.571	150000.0	1
17,918	1195.9	447.09	109.628	0.5319	150000.0	1
17,919	1195.95	447.09	109.633	0.4943	150000.0	1
17,920	1196.0	447.09	109.637	0.458	150000.0	1
17,921	1196.05	447.09	109.641	0.4231	150000.0	1
17,922	1196.1	447.09	109.645	0.3895	150000.0	1
17,923	1196.15	447.06	109.622	1.2721	150000.0	1
17,924	1196.2	447.06	109.626	1.2135	150000.0	1
17,925	1196.25	447.06	109.63	1.1562	150000.0	1
17,926	1196.3	447.06	109.634	1.1004	150000.0	1
17,927	1196.35	447.06	109.638	1.0459	150000.0	1
17,928	1196.4	447.06	109.642	0.9929	150000.0	1
17,929	1196.45	447.06	109.647	0.9412	150000.0	1
17,930	1196.5	447.06	109.651	0.8909	150000.0	1
17,931	1196.55	447.06	109.655	0.842	150000.0	1
17,932	1196.6	447.06	109.659	0.7945	150000.0	1
17,933	1196.65	447.06	109.663	0.7483	150000.0	1
17,934	1196.7	447.06	109.667	0.7035	150000.0	1
17,935	1196.75	447.06	109.671	0.6602	150000.0	1
17,936	1196.8	447.06	109.675	0.6181	150000.0	1
17,937	1196.85	447.06	109.679	0.5775	150000.0	1
17,938	1196.9	447.06	109.683	0.5383	150000.0	1
17,939	1196.95	447.06	109.687	0.5004	150000.0	1
17,940	1197.0	447.06	109.692	0.4639	150000.0	1
17,941	1197.05	447.06	109.696	0.4288	150000.0	1
17,942	1197.1	447.06	109.7	0.395	150000.0	1
17,943	1197.15	447.03	109.677	1.2816	150000.0	1
17,944	1197.2	447.03	109.681	1.2228	150000.0	1
17,945	1197.25	447.03	109.685	1.1653	150000.0	1
17,946	1197.3	447.03	109.689	1.1093	150000.0	1
17,947	1197.35	447.03	109.693	1.0546	150000.0	1
17,948	1197.4	447.03	109.697	1.0014	150000.0	1
17,949	1197.45	447.03	109.701	0.9495	150000.0	1
17,950	1197.5	447.03	109.705	0.899	150000.0	1
17,951	1197.55	447.03	109.71	0.8499	150000.0	1
17,952	1197.6	447.03	109.714	0.8021	150000.0	1
17,953	1197.65	447.03	109.718	0.7558	150000.0	1
17,954	1197.7	447.03	109.722	0.7108	150000.0	1
17,955	1197.75	447.03	109.726	0.6672	150000.0	1
17,956	1197.8	447.03	109.73	0.625	150000.0	1
17,957	1197.85	447.03	109.734	0.5841	150000.0	1
17,958	1197.9	447.03	109.738	0.5447	150000.0	1
17,959	1197.95	447.03	109.742	0.5066	150000.0	1
17,960	1198.0	447.03	109.746	0.4699	150000.0	1
17,961	1198.05	447.03	109.751	0.4345	150000.0	1
17,962	1198.1	447.03	109.755	0.4006	150000.0	1
17,963	1198.15	447.0	109.732	1.2911	150000.0	1
17,964	1198.2	447.0	109.736	1.2321	150000.0	1
17,965	1198.25	447.0	109.74	1.1745	150000.0	1
17,966	1198.3	447.0	109.744	1.1182	150000.0	1
17,967	1198.35	447.0	109.748	1.0634	150000.0	1
17,968	1198.4	447.0	109.752	1.0099	150000.0	1
17,969	1198.45	447.0	109.756	0.9578	150000.0	1
17,970	1198.5	447.0	109.76	0.9071	150000.0	1
17,971	1198.55	447.0	109.764	0.8578	150000.0	1
17,972	1198.6	447.0	109.768	0.8098	150000.0	1
17,973	1198.65	447.0	109.772	0.7633	150000.0	1
17,974	1198.7	447.0	109.777	0.7181	150000.0	1
17,975	1198.75	447.0	109.781	0.6743	150000.0	1
17,976	1198.8	447.0	109.785	0.6318	150000.0	1
17,977	1198.85	447.0	109.789	0.5908	150000.0	1
17,978	1198.9	447.0	109.793	0.5511	150000.0	1
17,979	1198.95	447.0	109.797	0.5128	150000.0	1
17,980	1199.0	447.0	109.801	0.4759	150000.0	1
17,981	1199.05	447.0	109.805	0.4403	150000.0	1
17,982	1199.1	447.0	109.809	0.4062	150000.0	1
17,983	1199.15	446.97	109.786	1.3007	150000.0	1
17,984	1199.2	446.97	109.79	1.2414	150000.0	1
17,985	1199.25	446.97	109.794	1.1836	150000.0	1
17,986	1199.3	446.97	109.798	1.1272	150000.0	1
17,987	1199.35	446.97	109.802	1.0721	150000.0	1
17,988	1199.4	446.97	109.807	1.0184	150000.0	1
17,989	1199.45	446.97	109.811	0.9661	150000.0	1
17,990	1199.5	446.97	109.815	0.9152	150000.0	1
17,991	1199.55	446.97	109.819	0.8657	150000.0	1
17,992	1199.6	446.97	109.823	0.8176	150000.0	1
17,993	1199.65	446.97	109.827	0.7708	150000.0	1
17,994	1199.7	446.97	109.831	0.7254	150000.0	1
17,995	1199.75	446.97	109.835	0.6814	150000.0	1
17,996	1199.8	446.97	109.839	0.6387	150000.0	1
17,997	1199.85	446.97	109.843	0.5975	150000.0	1
17,998	1199.9	446.97	109.848	0.5576	150000.0	1
17,999	1199.95	446.97	109.852	0.5191	150000.0	1
18,000	1200.0	446.97	109.856	0.4819	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →