Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

18,001–18,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
18,001	1200.05	446.97	109.86	0.4462	150000.0	1
18,002	1200.1	446.97	109.864	0.4118	150000.0	1
18,003	1200.15	446.95	109.841	1.3102	150000.0	1
18,004	1200.2	446.95	109.845	1.2508	150000.0	1
18,005	1200.25	446.95	109.849	1.1928	150000.0	1
18,006	1200.3	446.95	109.853	1.1362	150000.0	1
18,007	1200.35	446.95	109.857	1.0809	150000.0	1
18,008	1200.4	446.95	109.861	1.027	150000.0	1
18,009	1200.45	446.95	109.865	0.9745	150000.0	1
18,010	1200.5	446.95	109.869	0.9234	150000.0	1
18,011	1200.55	446.95	109.873	0.8737	150000.0	1
18,012	1200.6	446.95	109.877	0.8253	150000.0	1
18,013	1200.65	446.95	109.881	0.7783	150000.0	1
18,014	1200.7	446.95	109.886	0.7327	150000.0	1
18,015	1200.75	446.95	109.89	0.6885	150000.0	1
18,016	1200.8	446.95	109.894	0.6457	150000.0	1
18,017	1200.85	446.95	109.898	0.6042	150000.0	1
18,018	1200.9	446.95	109.902	0.5641	150000.0	1
18,019	1200.95	446.95	109.906	0.5254	150000.0	1
18,020	1201.0	446.95	109.91	0.488	150000.0	1
18,021	1201.05	446.95	109.914	0.452	150000.0	1
18,022	1201.1	446.95	109.918	0.4174	150000.0	1
18,023	1201.15	446.95	109.922	0.3842	150000.0	1
18,024	1201.2	446.92	109.899	1.2883	150000.0	1
18,025	1201.25	446.92	109.903	1.2294	150000.0	1
18,026	1201.3	446.92	109.907	1.1719	150000.0	1
18,027	1201.35	446.92	109.911	1.1158	150000.0	1
18,028	1201.4	446.92	109.915	1.0611	150000.0	1
18,029	1201.45	446.92	109.919	1.0077	150000.0	1
18,030	1201.5	446.92	109.924	0.9558	150000.0	1
18,031	1201.55	446.92	109.928	0.9052	150000.0	1
18,032	1201.6	446.92	109.932	0.8559	150000.0	1
18,033	1201.65	446.92	109.936	0.8081	150000.0	1
18,034	1201.7	446.92	109.94	0.7617	150000.0	1
18,035	1201.75	446.92	109.944	0.7166	150000.0	1
18,036	1201.8	446.92	109.948	0.6729	150000.0	1
18,037	1201.85	446.92	109.952	0.6305	150000.0	1
18,038	1201.9	446.92	109.956	0.5896	150000.0	1
18,039	1201.95	446.92	109.96	0.55	150000.0	1
18,040	1202.0	446.92	109.964	0.5118	150000.0	1
18,041	1202.05	446.92	109.969	0.4749	150000.0	1
18,042	1202.1	446.92	109.973	0.4395	150000.0	1
18,043	1202.15	446.92	109.977	0.4054	150000.0	1
18,044	1202.2	446.89	109.953	1.3127	150000.0	1
18,045	1202.25	446.89	109.957	1.2533	150000.0	1
18,046	1202.3	446.89	109.961	1.1953	150000.0	1
18,047	1202.35	446.89	109.965	1.1386	150000.0	1
18,048	1202.4	446.89	109.97	1.0833	150000.0	1
18,049	1202.45	446.89	109.974	1.0294	150000.0	1
18,050	1202.5	446.89	109.978	0.9769	150000.0	1
18,051	1202.55	446.89	109.982	0.9258	150000.0	1
18,052	1202.6	446.89	109.986	0.876	150000.0	1
18,053	1202.65	446.89	109.99	0.8276	150000.0	1
18,054	1202.7	446.89	109.994	0.7806	150000.0	1
18,055	1202.75	446.89	109.998	0.735	150000.0	1
18,056	1202.8	446.89	110.002	0.6907	150000.0	1
18,057	1202.85	446.89	110.006	0.6478	150000.0	1
18,058	1202.9	446.89	110.01	0.6063	150000.0	1
18,059	1202.95	446.89	110.015	0.5662	150000.0	1
18,060	1203.0	446.89	110.019	0.5274	150000.0	1
18,061	1203.05	446.89	110.023	0.49	150000.0	1
18,062	1203.1	446.89	110.027	0.454	150000.0	1
18,063	1203.15	446.89	110.031	0.4194	150000.0	1
18,064	1203.2	446.86	110.007	1.3303	150000.0	1
18,065	1203.25	446.86	110.011	1.2705	150000.0	1
18,066	1203.3	446.86	110.015	1.2121	150000.0	1
18,067	1203.35	446.86	110.019	1.155	150000.0	1
18,068	1203.4	446.86	110.024	1.0994	150000.0	1
18,069	1203.45	446.86	110.028	1.0451	150000.0	1
18,070	1203.5	446.86	110.032	0.9922	150000.0	1
18,071	1203.55	446.86	110.036	0.9407	150000.0	1
18,072	1203.6	446.86	110.04	0.8905	150000.0	1
18,073	1203.65	446.86	110.044	0.8418	150000.0	1
18,074	1203.7	446.86	110.048	0.7944	150000.0	1
18,075	1203.75	446.86	110.052	0.7483	150000.0	1
18,076	1203.8	446.86	110.056	0.7037	150000.0	1
18,077	1203.85	446.86	110.06	0.6604	150000.0	1
18,078	1203.9	446.86	110.065	0.6185	150000.0	1
18,079	1203.95	446.86	110.069	0.578	150000.0	1
18,080	1204.0	446.86	110.073	0.5388	150000.0	1
18,081	1204.05	446.86	110.077	0.501	150000.0	1
18,082	1204.1	446.86	110.081	0.4646	150000.0	1
18,083	1204.15	446.86	110.085	0.4296	150000.0	1
18,084	1204.2	446.86	110.089	0.3959	150000.0	1
18,085	1204.25	446.83	110.065	1.3123	150000.0	1
18,086	1204.3	446.83	110.069	1.2529	150000.0	1
18,087	1204.35	446.83	110.073	1.1949	150000.0	1
18,088	1204.4	446.83	110.078	1.1383	150000.0	1
18,089	1204.45	446.83	110.082	1.0831	150000.0	1
18,090	1204.5	446.83	110.086	1.0292	150000.0	1
18,091	1204.55	446.83	110.09	0.9768	150000.0	1
18,092	1204.6	446.83	110.094	0.9257	150000.0	1
18,093	1204.65	446.83	110.098	0.8759	150000.0	1
18,094	1204.7	446.83	110.102	0.8276	150000.0	1
18,095	1204.75	446.83	110.106	0.7806	150000.0	1
18,096	1204.8	446.83	110.11	0.735	150000.0	1
18,097	1204.85	446.83	110.114	0.6908	150000.0	1
18,098	1204.9	446.83	110.118	0.648	150000.0	1
18,099	1204.95	446.83	110.123	0.6065	150000.0	1
18,100	1205.0	446.83	110.127	0.5664	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →