Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

17,501–17,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
17,501	1175.05	447.64	108.457	0.6348	150000.0	1
17,502	1175.1	447.64	108.461	0.5933	150000.0	1
17,503	1175.15	447.64	108.465	0.5532	150000.0	1
17,504	1175.2	447.64	108.469	0.5145	150000.0	1
17,505	1175.25	447.64	108.473	0.4772	150000.0	1
17,506	1175.3	447.64	108.477	0.4413	150000.0	1
17,507	1175.35	447.64	108.481	0.4068	150000.0	1
17,508	1175.4	447.64	108.485	0.3737	150000.0	1
17,509	1175.45	447.64	108.489	0.342	150000.0	1
17,510	1175.5	447.62	108.469	1.1363	150000.0	1
17,511	1175.55	447.62	108.473	1.0806	150000.0	1
17,512	1175.6	447.62	108.478	1.0262	150000.0	1
17,513	1175.65	447.62	108.482	0.9733	150000.0	1
17,514	1175.7	447.62	108.486	0.9217	150000.0	1
17,515	1175.75	447.62	108.49	0.8716	150000.0	1
17,516	1175.8	447.62	108.494	0.8229	150000.0	1
17,517	1175.85	447.62	108.498	0.7755	150000.0	1
17,518	1175.9	447.62	108.502	0.7296	150000.0	1
17,519	1175.95	447.62	108.506	0.6851	150000.0	1
17,520	1176.0	447.62	108.51	0.642	150000.0	1
17,521	1176.05	447.62	108.514	0.6002	150000.0	1
17,522	1176.1	447.62	108.518	0.5599	150000.0	1
17,523	1176.15	447.62	108.523	0.521	150000.0	1
17,524	1176.2	447.62	108.527	0.4835	150000.0	1
17,525	1176.25	447.62	108.531	0.4473	150000.0	1
17,526	1176.3	447.62	108.535	0.4126	150000.0	1
17,527	1176.35	447.62	108.539	0.3793	150000.0	1
17,528	1176.4	447.62	108.543	0.3473	150000.0	1
17,529	1176.45	447.59	108.523	1.1457	150000.0	1
17,530	1176.5	447.59	108.527	1.0897	150000.0	1
17,531	1176.55	447.59	108.531	1.0351	150000.0	1
17,532	1176.6	447.59	108.535	0.9819	150000.0	1
17,533	1176.65	447.59	108.539	0.9302	150000.0	1
17,534	1176.7	447.59	108.543	0.8798	150000.0	1
17,535	1176.75	447.59	108.547	0.8309	150000.0	1
17,536	1176.8	447.59	108.551	0.7833	150000.0	1
17,537	1176.85	447.59	108.556	0.7372	150000.0	1
17,538	1176.9	447.59	108.56	0.6924	150000.0	1
17,539	1176.95	447.59	108.564	0.6491	150000.0	1
17,540	1177.0	447.59	108.568	0.6072	150000.0	1
17,541	1177.05	447.59	108.572	0.5666	150000.0	1
17,542	1177.1	447.59	108.576	0.5275	150000.0	1
17,543	1177.15	447.59	108.58	0.4897	150000.0	1
17,544	1177.2	447.59	108.584	0.4534	150000.0	1
17,545	1177.25	447.59	108.588	0.4184	150000.0	1
17,546	1177.3	447.59	108.592	0.3848	150000.0	1
17,547	1177.35	447.59	108.596	0.3527	150000.0	1
17,548	1177.4	447.57	108.576	1.155	150000.0	1
17,549	1177.45	447.57	108.58	1.0988	150000.0	1
17,550	1177.5	447.57	108.584	1.044	150000.0	1
17,551	1177.55	447.57	108.588	0.9906	150000.0	1
17,552	1177.6	447.57	108.592	0.9386	150000.0	1
17,553	1177.65	447.57	108.597	0.8881	150000.0	1
17,554	1177.7	447.57	108.601	0.8389	150000.0	1
17,555	1177.75	447.57	108.605	0.7911	150000.0	1
17,556	1177.8	447.57	108.609	0.7448	150000.0	1
17,557	1177.85	447.57	108.613	0.6998	150000.0	1
17,558	1177.9	447.57	108.617	0.6563	150000.0	1
17,559	1177.95	447.57	108.621	0.6141	150000.0	1
17,560	1178.0	447.57	108.625	0.5733	150000.0	1
17,561	1178.05	447.57	108.629	0.534	150000.0	1
17,562	1178.1	447.57	108.633	0.496	150000.0	1
17,563	1178.15	447.57	108.637	0.4594	150000.0	1
17,564	1178.2	447.57	108.642	0.4242	150000.0	1
17,565	1178.25	447.57	108.646	0.3904	150000.0	1
17,566	1178.3	447.57	108.65	0.358	150000.0	1
17,567	1178.35	447.57	108.654	0.327	150000.0	1
17,568	1178.4	447.54	108.633	1.1351	150000.0	1
17,569	1178.45	447.54	108.637	1.0794	150000.0	1
17,570	1178.5	447.54	108.642	1.0251	150000.0	1
17,571	1178.55	447.54	108.646	0.9722	150000.0	1
17,572	1178.6	447.54	108.65	0.9208	150000.0	1
17,573	1178.65	447.54	108.654	0.8707	150000.0	1
17,574	1178.7	447.54	108.658	0.8221	150000.0	1
17,575	1178.75	447.54	108.662	0.7748	150000.0	1
17,576	1178.8	447.54	108.666	0.7289	150000.0	1
17,577	1178.85	447.54	108.67	0.6845	150000.0	1
17,578	1178.9	447.54	108.674	0.6414	150000.0	1
17,579	1178.95	447.54	108.678	0.5998	150000.0	1
17,580	1179.0	447.54	108.682	0.5595	150000.0	1
17,581	1179.05	447.54	108.687	0.5206	150000.0	1
17,582	1179.1	447.54	108.691	0.4831	150000.0	1
17,583	1179.15	447.54	108.695	0.4471	150000.0	1
17,584	1179.2	447.54	108.699	0.4124	150000.0	1
17,585	1179.25	447.54	108.703	0.3791	150000.0	1
17,586	1179.3	447.54	108.707	0.3472	150000.0	1
17,587	1179.35	447.52	108.686	1.1584	150000.0	1
17,588	1179.4	447.52	108.691	1.1022	150000.0	1
17,589	1179.45	447.52	108.695	1.0474	150000.0	1
17,590	1179.5	447.52	108.699	0.9939	150000.0	1
17,591	1179.55	447.52	108.703	0.9419	150000.0	1
17,592	1179.6	447.52	108.707	0.8913	150000.0	1
17,593	1179.65	447.52	108.711	0.8421	150000.0	1
17,594	1179.7	447.52	108.715	0.7942	150000.0	1
17,595	1179.75	447.52	108.719	0.7478	150000.0	1
17,596	1179.8	447.52	108.723	0.7028	150000.0	1
17,597	1179.85	447.52	108.727	0.6592	150000.0	1
17,598	1179.9	447.52	108.731	0.6169	150000.0	1
17,599	1179.95	447.52	108.736	0.5761	150000.0	1
17,600	1180.0	447.52	108.74	0.5367	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →