Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

17,301–17,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
17,301	1165.05	447.89	107.873	1.0446	150000.0	1
17,302	1165.1	447.89	107.877	0.991	150000.0	1
17,303	1165.15	447.89	107.881	0.9388	150000.0	1
17,304	1165.2	447.89	107.885	0.888	150000.0	1
17,305	1165.25	447.89	107.889	0.8386	150000.0	1
17,306	1165.3	447.89	107.894	0.7907	150000.0	1
17,307	1165.35	447.89	107.898	0.7441	150000.0	1
17,308	1165.4	447.89	107.902	0.699	150000.0	1
17,309	1165.45	447.89	107.906	0.6553	150000.0	1
17,310	1165.5	447.89	107.91	0.613	150000.0	1
17,311	1165.55	447.89	107.914	0.5721	150000.0	1
17,312	1165.6	447.89	107.918	0.5326	150000.0	1
17,313	1165.65	447.89	107.922	0.4945	150000.0	1
17,314	1165.7	447.89	107.926	0.4578	150000.0	1
17,315	1165.75	447.89	107.93	0.4226	150000.0	1
17,316	1165.8	447.89	107.934	0.3887	150000.0	1
17,317	1165.85	447.89	107.939	0.3563	150000.0	1
17,318	1165.9	447.89	107.943	0.3252	150000.0	1
17,319	1165.95	447.89	107.947	0.2955	150000.0	1
17,320	1166.0	447.86	107.928	1.049	150000.0	1
17,321	1166.05	447.86	107.932	0.9953	150000.0	1
17,322	1166.1	447.86	107.936	0.943	150000.0	1
17,323	1166.15	447.86	107.94	0.8921	150000.0	1
17,324	1166.2	447.86	107.944	0.8426	150000.0	1
17,325	1166.25	447.86	107.948	0.7945	150000.0	1
17,326	1166.3	447.86	107.952	0.7479	150000.0	1
17,327	1166.35	447.86	107.957	0.7027	150000.0	1
17,328	1166.4	447.86	107.961	0.6589	150000.0	1
17,329	1166.45	447.86	107.965	0.6164	150000.0	1
17,330	1166.5	447.86	107.969	0.5754	150000.0	1
17,331	1166.55	447.86	107.973	0.5358	150000.0	1
17,332	1166.6	447.86	107.977	0.4977	150000.0	1
17,333	1166.65	447.86	107.981	0.4609	150000.0	1
17,334	1166.7	447.86	107.985	0.4255	150000.0	1
17,335	1166.75	447.86	107.989	0.3915	150000.0	1
17,336	1166.8	447.86	107.993	0.359	150000.0	1
17,337	1166.85	447.86	107.997	0.3278	150000.0	1
17,338	1166.9	447.86	108.002	0.298	150000.0	1
17,339	1166.95	447.84	107.983	1.0557	150000.0	1
17,340	1167.0	447.84	107.987	1.0018	150000.0	1
17,341	1167.05	447.84	107.991	0.9494	150000.0	1
17,342	1167.1	447.84	107.995	0.8983	150000.0	1
17,343	1167.15	447.84	107.999	0.8487	150000.0	1
17,344	1167.2	447.84	108.003	0.8005	150000.0	1
17,345	1167.25	447.84	108.007	0.7537	150000.0	1
17,346	1167.3	447.84	108.011	0.7083	150000.0	1
17,347	1167.35	447.84	108.015	0.6643	150000.0	1
17,348	1167.4	447.84	108.019	0.6217	150000.0	1
17,349	1167.45	447.84	108.024	0.5806	150000.0	1
17,350	1167.5	447.84	108.028	0.5408	150000.0	1
17,351	1167.55	447.84	108.032	0.5025	150000.0	1
17,352	1167.6	447.84	108.036	0.4655	150000.0	1
17,353	1167.65	447.84	108.04	0.43	150000.0	1
17,354	1167.7	447.84	108.044	0.3958	150000.0	1
17,355	1167.75	447.84	108.048	0.3631	150000.0	1
17,356	1167.8	447.84	108.052	0.3317	150000.0	1
17,357	1167.85	447.84	108.056	0.3018	150000.0	1
17,358	1167.9	447.81	108.037	1.0637	150000.0	1
17,359	1167.95	447.81	108.041	1.0096	150000.0	1
17,360	1168.0	447.81	108.045	0.957	150000.0	1
17,361	1168.05	447.81	108.05	0.9057	150000.0	1
17,362	1168.1	447.81	108.054	0.8559	150000.0	1
17,363	1168.15	447.81	108.058	0.8075	150000.0	1
17,364	1168.2	447.81	108.062	0.7605	150000.0	1
17,365	1168.25	447.81	108.066	0.7149	150000.0	1
17,366	1168.3	447.81	108.07	0.6707	150000.0	1
17,367	1168.35	447.81	108.074	0.628	150000.0	1
17,368	1168.4	447.81	108.078	0.5866	150000.0	1
17,369	1168.45	447.81	108.082	0.5466	150000.0	1
17,370	1168.5	447.81	108.086	0.5081	150000.0	1
17,371	1168.55	447.81	108.09	0.4709	150000.0	1
17,372	1168.6	447.81	108.094	0.4352	150000.0	1
17,373	1168.65	447.81	108.099	0.4009	150000.0	1
17,374	1168.7	447.81	108.103	0.3679	150000.0	1
17,375	1168.75	447.81	108.107	0.3364	150000.0	1
17,376	1168.8	447.81	108.111	0.3062	150000.0	1
17,377	1168.85	447.79	108.092	1.0722	150000.0	1
17,378	1168.9	447.79	108.096	1.018	150000.0	1
17,379	1168.95	447.79	108.1	0.9651	150000.0	1
17,380	1169.0	447.79	108.104	0.9137	150000.0	1
17,381	1169.05	447.79	108.108	0.8637	150000.0	1
17,382	1169.1	447.79	108.112	0.815	150000.0	1
17,383	1169.15	447.79	108.116	0.7678	150000.0	1
17,384	1169.2	447.79	108.12	0.722	150000.0	1
17,385	1169.25	447.79	108.124	0.6776	150000.0	1
17,386	1169.3	447.79	108.129	0.6347	150000.0	1
17,387	1169.35	447.79	108.133	0.5931	150000.0	1
17,388	1169.4	447.79	108.137	0.5529	150000.0	1
17,389	1169.45	447.79	108.141	0.5142	150000.0	1
17,390	1169.5	447.79	108.145	0.4768	150000.0	1
17,391	1169.55	447.79	108.149	0.4408	150000.0	1
17,392	1169.6	447.79	108.153	0.4063	150000.0	1
17,393	1169.65	447.79	108.157	0.3731	150000.0	1
17,394	1169.7	447.79	108.161	0.3414	150000.0	1
17,395	1169.75	447.79	108.165	0.311	150000.0	1
17,396	1169.8	447.77	108.146	1.0811	150000.0	1
17,397	1169.85	447.77	108.15	1.0267	150000.0	1
17,398	1169.9	447.77	108.154	0.9736	150000.0	1
17,399	1169.95	447.77	108.158	0.9219	150000.0	1
17,400	1170.0	447.77	108.162	0.8717	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →