Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

17,201–17,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
17,201	1160.05	448.02	107.599	0.4831	150000.0	1
17,202	1160.1	448.02	107.603	0.4468	150000.0	1
17,203	1160.15	448.02	107.607	0.4119	150000.0	1
17,204	1160.2	448.02	107.611	0.3784	150000.0	1
17,205	1160.25	448.02	107.615	0.3464	150000.0	1
17,206	1160.3	448.02	107.619	0.3157	150000.0	1
17,207	1160.35	448.02	107.623	0.2864	150000.0	1
17,208	1160.4	448.0	107.605	1.0144	150000.0	1
17,209	1160.45	448.0	107.609	0.9615	150000.0	1
17,210	1160.5	448.0	107.613	0.91	150000.0	1
17,211	1160.55	448.0	107.617	0.8599	150000.0	1
17,212	1160.6	448.0	107.621	0.8113	150000.0	1
17,213	1160.65	448.0	107.626	0.7641	150000.0	1
17,214	1160.7	448.0	107.63	0.7183	150000.0	1
17,215	1160.75	448.0	107.634	0.6739	150000.0	1
17,216	1160.8	448.0	107.638	0.6309	150000.0	1
17,217	1160.85	448.0	107.642	0.5893	150000.0	1
17,218	1160.9	448.0	107.646	0.5492	150000.0	1
17,219	1160.95	448.0	107.65	0.5104	150000.0	1
17,220	1161.0	448.0	107.654	0.4731	150000.0	1
17,221	1161.05	448.0	107.658	0.4372	150000.0	1
17,222	1161.1	448.0	107.662	0.4027	150000.0	1
17,223	1161.15	448.0	107.666	0.3696	150000.0	1
17,224	1161.2	448.0	107.671	0.3379	150000.0	1
17,225	1161.25	448.0	107.675	0.3076	150000.0	1
17,226	1161.3	447.98	107.657	1.0387	150000.0	1
17,227	1161.35	447.98	107.661	0.9851	150000.0	1
17,228	1161.4	447.98	107.665	0.933	150000.0	1
17,229	1161.45	447.98	107.669	0.8824	150000.0	1
17,230	1161.5	447.98	107.673	0.8331	150000.0	1
17,231	1161.55	447.98	107.677	0.7852	150000.0	1
17,232	1161.6	447.98	107.681	0.7388	150000.0	1
17,233	1161.65	447.98	107.685	0.6938	150000.0	1
17,234	1161.7	447.98	107.689	0.6502	150000.0	1
17,235	1161.75	447.98	107.693	0.608	150000.0	1
17,236	1161.8	447.98	107.697	0.5672	150000.0	1
17,237	1161.85	447.98	107.701	0.5279	150000.0	1
17,238	1161.9	447.98	107.706	0.4899	150000.0	1
17,239	1161.95	447.98	107.71	0.4534	150000.0	1
17,240	1162.0	447.98	107.714	0.4182	150000.0	1
17,241	1162.05	447.98	107.718	0.3845	150000.0	1
17,242	1162.1	447.98	107.722	0.3522	150000.0	1
17,243	1162.15	447.98	107.726	0.3213	150000.0	1
17,244	1162.2	447.98	107.73	0.2918	150000.0	1
17,245	1162.25	447.96	107.712	1.028	150000.0	1
17,246	1162.3	447.96	107.716	0.9748	150000.0	1
17,247	1162.35	447.96	107.72	0.923	150000.0	1
17,248	1162.4	447.96	107.724	0.8726	150000.0	1
17,249	1162.45	447.96	107.728	0.8236	150000.0	1
17,250	1162.5	447.96	107.732	0.7761	150000.0	1
17,251	1162.55	447.96	107.736	0.7299	150000.0	1
17,252	1162.6	447.96	107.74	0.6852	150000.0	1
17,253	1162.65	447.96	107.745	0.6419	150000.0	1
17,254	1162.7	447.96	107.749	0.6	150000.0	1
17,255	1162.75	447.96	107.753	0.5595	150000.0	1
17,256	1162.8	447.96	107.757	0.5204	150000.0	1
17,257	1162.85	447.96	107.761	0.4827	150000.0	1
17,258	1162.9	447.96	107.765	0.4465	150000.0	1
17,259	1162.95	447.96	107.769	0.4116	150000.0	1
17,260	1163.0	447.96	107.773	0.3782	150000.0	1
17,261	1163.05	447.96	107.777	0.3461	150000.0	1
17,262	1163.1	447.96	107.781	0.3155	150000.0	1
17,263	1163.15	447.93	107.763	1.0547	150000.0	1
17,264	1163.2	447.93	107.767	1.0008	150000.0	1
17,265	1163.25	447.93	107.771	0.9483	150000.0	1
17,266	1163.3	447.93	107.775	0.8972	150000.0	1
17,267	1163.35	447.93	107.779	0.8476	150000.0	1
17,268	1163.4	447.93	107.783	0.7993	150000.0	1
17,269	1163.45	447.93	107.788	0.7525	150000.0	1
17,270	1163.5	447.93	107.792	0.7071	150000.0	1
17,271	1163.55	447.93	107.796	0.6631	150000.0	1
17,272	1163.6	447.93	107.8	0.6205	150000.0	1
17,273	1163.65	447.93	107.804	0.5793	150000.0	1
17,274	1163.7	447.93	107.808	0.5396	150000.0	1
17,275	1163.75	447.93	107.812	0.5012	150000.0	1
17,276	1163.8	447.93	107.816	0.4643	150000.0	1
17,277	1163.85	447.93	107.82	0.4287	150000.0	1
17,278	1163.9	447.93	107.824	0.3946	150000.0	1
17,279	1163.95	447.93	107.828	0.3619	150000.0	1
17,280	1164.0	447.93	107.833	0.3305	150000.0	1
17,281	1164.05	447.93	107.837	0.3006	150000.0	1
17,282	1164.1	447.91	107.818	1.045	150000.0	1
17,283	1164.15	447.91	107.822	0.9913	150000.0	1
17,284	1164.2	447.91	107.826	0.9391	150000.0	1
17,285	1164.25	447.91	107.83	0.8883	150000.0	1
17,286	1164.3	447.91	107.834	0.8389	150000.0	1
17,287	1164.35	447.91	107.839	0.7909	150000.0	1
17,288	1164.4	447.91	107.843	0.7444	150000.0	1
17,289	1164.45	447.91	107.847	0.6992	150000.0	1
17,290	1164.5	447.91	107.851	0.6555	150000.0	1
17,291	1164.55	447.91	107.855	0.6132	150000.0	1
17,292	1164.6	447.91	107.859	0.5722	150000.0	1
17,293	1164.65	447.91	107.863	0.5327	150000.0	1
17,294	1164.7	447.91	107.867	0.4946	150000.0	1
17,295	1164.75	447.91	107.871	0.458	150000.0	1
17,296	1164.8	447.91	107.875	0.4227	150000.0	1
17,297	1164.85	447.91	107.879	0.3888	150000.0	1
17,298	1164.9	447.91	107.884	0.3563	150000.0	1
17,299	1164.95	447.91	107.888	0.3253	150000.0	1
17,300	1165.0	447.91	107.892	0.2956	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-01).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →