Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

17,001–17,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
17,001	1150.05	448.27	107.015	0.455	150000.0	1
17,002	1150.1	448.27	107.019	0.4197	150000.0	1
17,003	1150.15	448.27	107.023	0.3858	150000.0	1
17,004	1150.2	448.27	107.028	0.3533	150000.0	1
17,005	1150.25	448.27	107.032	0.3222	150000.0	1
17,006	1150.3	448.27	107.036	0.2926	150000.0	1
17,007	1150.35	448.27	107.04	0.2643	150000.0	1
17,008	1150.4	448.25	107.023	0.9463	150000.0	1
17,009	1150.45	448.25	107.027	0.8951	150000.0	1
17,010	1150.5	448.25	107.031	0.8453	150000.0	1
17,011	1150.55	448.25	107.036	0.7969	150000.0	1
17,012	1150.6	448.25	107.04	0.75	150000.0	1
17,013	1150.65	448.25	107.044	0.7045	150000.0	1
17,014	1150.7	448.25	107.048	0.6604	150000.0	1
17,015	1150.75	448.25	107.052	0.6177	150000.0	1
17,016	1150.8	448.25	107.056	0.5765	150000.0	1
17,017	1150.85	448.25	107.06	0.5367	150000.0	1
17,018	1150.9	448.25	107.064	0.4983	150000.0	1
17,019	1150.95	448.25	107.068	0.4613	150000.0	1
17,020	1151.0	448.25	107.072	0.4257	150000.0	1
17,021	1151.05	448.25	107.076	0.3916	150000.0	1
17,022	1151.1	448.25	107.08	0.3588	150000.0	1
17,023	1151.15	448.25	107.085	0.3275	150000.0	1
17,024	1151.2	448.25	107.089	0.2976	150000.0	1
17,025	1151.25	448.25	107.093	0.2691	150000.0	1
17,026	1151.3	448.22	107.076	0.9552	150000.0	1
17,027	1151.35	448.22	107.08	0.9037	150000.0	1
17,028	1151.4	448.22	107.084	0.8537	150000.0	1
17,029	1151.45	448.22	107.088	0.8051	150000.0	1
17,030	1151.5	448.22	107.092	0.7579	150000.0	1
17,031	1151.55	448.22	107.096	0.7122	150000.0	1
17,032	1151.6	448.22	107.101	0.6679	150000.0	1
17,033	1151.65	448.22	107.105	0.625	150000.0	1
17,034	1151.7	448.22	107.109	0.5835	150000.0	1
17,035	1151.75	448.22	107.113	0.5434	150000.0	1
17,036	1151.8	448.22	107.117	0.5048	150000.0	1
17,037	1151.85	448.22	107.121	0.4676	150000.0	1
17,038	1151.9	448.22	107.125	0.4318	150000.0	1
17,039	1151.95	448.22	107.129	0.3974	150000.0	1
17,040	1152.0	448.22	107.133	0.3644	150000.0	1
17,041	1152.05	448.22	107.137	0.3329	150000.0	1
17,042	1152.1	448.22	107.141	0.3027	150000.0	1
17,043	1152.15	448.22	107.146	0.274	150000.0	1
17,044	1152.2	448.2	107.129	0.9641	150000.0	1
17,045	1152.25	448.2	107.133	0.9124	150000.0	1
17,046	1152.3	448.2	107.137	0.8621	150000.0	1
17,047	1152.35	448.2	107.141	0.8133	150000.0	1
17,048	1152.4	448.2	107.145	0.7659	150000.0	1
17,049	1152.45	448.2	107.149	0.7199	150000.0	1
17,050	1152.5	448.2	107.153	0.6754	150000.0	1
17,051	1152.55	448.2	107.157	0.6322	150000.0	1
17,052	1152.6	448.2	107.161	0.5905	150000.0	1
17,053	1152.65	448.2	107.165	0.5502	150000.0	1
17,054	1152.7	448.2	107.17	0.5114	150000.0	1
17,055	1152.75	448.2	107.174	0.4739	150000.0	1
17,056	1152.8	448.2	107.178	0.4379	150000.0	1
17,057	1152.85	448.2	107.182	0.4033	150000.0	1
17,058	1152.9	448.2	107.186	0.3701	150000.0	1
17,059	1152.95	448.2	107.19	0.3383	150000.0	1
17,060	1153.0	448.2	107.194	0.3079	150000.0	1
17,061	1153.05	448.2	107.198	0.2789	150000.0	1
17,062	1153.1	448.18	107.181	0.973	150000.0	1
17,063	1153.15	448.18	107.185	0.9211	150000.0	1
17,064	1153.2	448.18	107.189	0.8706	150000.0	1
17,065	1153.25	448.18	107.194	0.8215	150000.0	1
17,066	1153.3	448.18	107.198	0.7739	150000.0	1
17,067	1153.35	448.18	107.202	0.7277	150000.0	1
17,068	1153.4	448.18	107.206	0.6829	150000.0	1
17,069	1153.45	448.18	107.21	0.6395	150000.0	1
17,070	1153.5	448.18	107.214	0.5976	150000.0	1
17,071	1153.55	448.18	107.218	0.5571	150000.0	1
17,072	1153.6	448.18	107.222	0.518	150000.0	1
17,073	1153.65	448.18	107.226	0.4803	150000.0	1
17,074	1153.7	448.18	107.23	0.444	150000.0	1
17,075	1153.75	448.18	107.234	0.4092	150000.0	1
17,076	1153.8	448.18	107.238	0.3757	150000.0	1
17,077	1153.85	448.18	107.243	0.3437	150000.0	1
17,078	1153.9	448.18	107.247	0.3131	150000.0	1
17,079	1153.95	448.18	107.251	0.2839	150000.0	1
17,080	1154.0	448.16	107.234	0.982	150000.0	1
17,081	1154.05	448.16	107.238	0.9298	150000.0	1
17,082	1154.1	448.16	107.242	0.8791	150000.0	1
17,083	1154.15	448.16	107.246	0.8298	150000.0	1
17,084	1154.2	448.16	107.25	0.782	150000.0	1
17,085	1154.25	448.16	107.254	0.7355	150000.0	1
17,086	1154.3	448.16	107.258	0.6905	150000.0	1
17,087	1154.35	448.16	107.262	0.6469	150000.0	1
17,088	1154.4	448.16	107.266	0.6047	150000.0	1
17,089	1154.45	448.16	107.27	0.564	150000.0	1
17,090	1154.5	448.16	107.274	0.5246	150000.0	1
17,091	1154.55	448.16	107.279	0.4867	150000.0	1
17,092	1154.6	448.16	107.283	0.4502	150000.0	1
17,093	1154.65	448.16	107.287	0.4151	150000.0	1
17,094	1154.7	448.16	107.291	0.3814	150000.0	1
17,095	1154.75	448.16	107.295	0.3492	150000.0	1
17,096	1154.8	448.16	107.299	0.3183	150000.0	1
17,097	1154.85	448.16	107.303	0.2889	150000.0	1
17,098	1154.9	448.14	107.286	0.9909	150000.0	1
17,099	1154.95	448.14	107.29	0.9386	150000.0	1
17,100	1155.0	448.14	107.294	0.8876	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →