Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

16,901–17,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
16,901	1145.05	448.37	106.708	0.8512	150000.0	1
16,902	1145.1	448.37	106.712	0.8026	150000.0	1
16,903	1145.15	448.37	106.716	0.7554	150000.0	1
16,904	1145.2	448.37	106.72	0.7097	150000.0	1
16,905	1145.25	448.37	106.724	0.6653	150000.0	1
16,906	1145.3	448.37	106.729	0.6224	150000.0	1
16,907	1145.35	448.37	106.733	0.581	150000.0	1
16,908	1145.4	448.37	106.737	0.5409	150000.0	1
16,909	1145.45	448.37	106.741	0.5023	150000.0	1
16,910	1145.5	448.37	106.745	0.4651	150000.0	1
16,911	1145.55	448.37	106.749	0.4294	150000.0	1
16,912	1145.6	448.37	106.753	0.395	150000.0	1
16,913	1145.65	448.37	106.757	0.3621	150000.0	1
16,914	1145.7	448.37	106.761	0.3306	150000.0	1
16,915	1145.75	448.37	106.765	0.3005	150000.0	1
16,916	1145.8	448.37	106.769	0.2718	150000.0	1
16,917	1145.85	448.37	106.773	0.2446	150000.0	1
16,918	1145.9	448.35	106.758	0.906	150000.0	1
16,919	1145.95	448.35	106.762	0.8558	150000.0	1
16,920	1146.0	448.35	106.766	0.8071	150000.0	1
16,921	1146.05	448.35	106.77	0.7597	150000.0	1
16,922	1146.1	448.35	106.774	0.7139	150000.0	1
16,923	1146.15	448.35	106.778	0.6694	150000.0	1
16,924	1146.2	448.35	106.782	0.6264	150000.0	1
16,925	1146.25	448.35	106.786	0.5848	150000.0	1
16,926	1146.3	448.35	106.79	0.5446	150000.0	1
16,927	1146.35	448.35	106.794	0.5059	150000.0	1
16,928	1146.4	448.35	106.798	0.4686	150000.0	1
16,929	1146.45	448.35	106.802	0.4327	150000.0	1
16,930	1146.5	448.35	106.807	0.3982	150000.0	1
16,931	1146.55	448.35	106.811	0.3652	150000.0	1
16,932	1146.6	448.35	106.815	0.3335	150000.0	1
16,933	1146.65	448.35	106.819	0.3033	150000.0	1
16,934	1146.7	448.35	106.823	0.2745	150000.0	1
16,935	1146.75	448.35	106.827	0.2471	150000.0	1
16,936	1146.8	448.33	106.811	0.9128	150000.0	1
16,937	1146.85	448.33	106.815	0.8624	150000.0	1
16,938	1146.9	448.33	106.819	0.8135	150000.0	1
16,939	1146.95	448.33	106.823	0.766	150000.0	1
16,940	1147.0	448.33	106.827	0.7199	150000.0	1
16,941	1147.05	448.33	106.831	0.6753	150000.0	1
16,942	1147.1	448.33	106.835	0.6321	150000.0	1
16,943	1147.15	448.33	106.84	0.5903	150000.0	1
16,944	1147.2	448.33	106.844	0.55	150000.0	1
16,945	1147.25	448.33	106.848	0.5111	150000.0	1
16,946	1147.3	448.33	106.852	0.4736	150000.0	1
16,947	1147.35	448.33	106.856	0.4375	150000.0	1
16,948	1147.4	448.33	106.86	0.4028	150000.0	1
16,949	1147.45	448.33	106.864	0.3696	150000.0	1
16,950	1147.5	448.33	106.868	0.3378	150000.0	1
16,951	1147.55	448.33	106.872	0.3074	150000.0	1
16,952	1147.6	448.33	106.876	0.2784	150000.0	1
16,953	1147.65	448.33	106.88	0.2508	150000.0	1
16,954	1147.7	448.31	106.864	0.9206	150000.0	1
16,955	1147.75	448.31	106.868	0.87	150000.0	1
16,956	1147.8	448.31	106.872	0.8209	150000.0	1
16,957	1147.85	448.31	106.876	0.7732	150000.0	1
16,958	1147.9	448.31	106.881	0.727	150000.0	1
16,959	1147.95	448.31	106.885	0.6821	150000.0	1
16,960	1148.0	448.31	106.889	0.6387	150000.0	1
16,961	1148.05	448.31	106.893	0.5967	150000.0	1
16,962	1148.1	448.31	106.897	0.5562	150000.0	1
16,963	1148.15	448.31	106.901	0.517	150000.0	1
16,964	1148.2	448.31	106.905	0.4793	150000.0	1
16,965	1148.25	448.31	106.909	0.443	150000.0	1
16,966	1148.3	448.31	106.913	0.4082	150000.0	1
16,967	1148.35	448.31	106.917	0.3747	150000.0	1
16,968	1148.4	448.31	106.921	0.3427	150000.0	1
16,969	1148.45	448.31	106.925	0.3121	150000.0	1
16,970	1148.5	448.31	106.93	0.2829	150000.0	1
16,971	1148.55	448.31	106.934	0.2551	150000.0	1
16,972	1148.6	448.29	106.917	0.9289	150000.0	1
16,973	1148.65	448.29	106.921	0.8782	150000.0	1
16,974	1148.7	448.29	106.926	0.8288	150000.0	1
16,975	1148.75	448.29	106.93	0.7809	150000.0	1
16,976	1148.8	448.29	106.934	0.7344	150000.0	1
16,977	1148.85	448.29	106.938	0.6894	150000.0	1
16,978	1148.9	448.29	106.942	0.6457	150000.0	1
16,979	1148.95	448.29	106.946	0.6035	150000.0	1
16,980	1149.0	448.29	106.95	0.5627	150000.0	1
16,981	1149.05	448.29	106.954	0.5234	150000.0	1
16,982	1149.1	448.29	106.958	0.4855	150000.0	1
16,983	1149.15	448.29	106.962	0.4489	150000.0	1
16,984	1149.2	448.29	106.966	0.4138	150000.0	1
16,985	1149.25	448.29	106.97	0.3802	150000.0	1
16,986	1149.3	448.29	106.975	0.3479	150000.0	1
16,987	1149.35	448.29	106.979	0.3171	150000.0	1
16,988	1149.4	448.29	106.983	0.2876	150000.0	1
16,989	1149.45	448.29	106.987	0.2596	150000.0	1
16,990	1149.5	448.27	106.97	0.9376	150000.0	1
16,991	1149.55	448.27	106.974	0.8866	150000.0	1
16,992	1149.6	448.27	106.979	0.837	150000.0	1
16,993	1149.65	448.27	106.983	0.7889	150000.0	1
16,994	1149.7	448.27	106.987	0.7421	150000.0	1
16,995	1149.75	448.27	106.991	0.6969	150000.0	1
16,996	1149.8	448.27	106.995	0.653	150000.0	1
16,997	1149.85	448.27	106.999	0.6106	150000.0	1
16,998	1149.9	448.27	107.003	0.5696	150000.0	1
16,999	1149.95	448.27	107.007	0.53	150000.0	1
17,000	1150.0	448.27	107.011	0.4918	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-03).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →