Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

16,701–16,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
16,701	1135.05	448.61	106.121	0.4191	150000.0	1
16,702	1135.1	448.61	106.125	0.3851	150000.0	1
16,703	1135.15	448.61	106.129	0.3525	150000.0	1
16,704	1135.2	448.61	106.134	0.3213	150000.0	1
16,705	1135.25	448.61	106.138	0.2916	150000.0	1
16,706	1135.3	448.61	106.142	0.2633	150000.0	1
16,707	1135.35	448.61	106.146	0.2364	150000.0	1
16,708	1135.4	448.59	106.131	0.8468	150000.0	1
16,709	1135.45	448.59	106.135	0.7982	150000.0	1
16,710	1135.5	448.59	106.14	0.751	150000.0	1
16,711	1135.55	448.59	106.144	0.7053	150000.0	1
16,712	1135.6	448.59	106.148	0.661	150000.0	1
16,713	1135.65	448.59	106.152	0.6181	150000.0	1
16,714	1135.7	448.59	106.156	0.5767	150000.0	1
16,715	1135.75	448.59	106.16	0.5367	150000.0	1
16,716	1135.8	448.59	106.164	0.4981	150000.0	1
16,717	1135.85	448.59	106.168	0.461	150000.0	1
16,718	1135.9	448.59	106.172	0.4253	150000.0	1
16,719	1135.95	448.59	106.176	0.391	150000.0	1
16,720	1136.0	448.59	106.18	0.3582	150000.0	1
16,721	1136.05	448.59	106.184	0.3267	150000.0	1
16,722	1136.1	448.59	106.189	0.2968	150000.0	1
16,723	1136.15	448.59	106.193	0.2682	150000.0	1
16,724	1136.2	448.59	106.197	0.2411	150000.0	1
16,725	1136.25	448.57	106.182	0.8554	150000.0	1
16,726	1136.3	448.57	106.186	0.8066	150000.0	1
16,727	1136.35	448.57	106.19	0.7591	150000.0	1
16,728	1136.4	448.57	106.194	0.7132	150000.0	1
16,729	1136.45	448.57	106.199	0.6686	150000.0	1
16,730	1136.5	448.57	106.203	0.6255	150000.0	1
16,731	1136.55	448.57	106.207	0.5838	150000.0	1
16,732	1136.6	448.57	106.211	0.5436	150000.0	1
16,733	1136.65	448.57	106.215	0.5048	150000.0	1
16,734	1136.7	448.57	106.219	0.4674	150000.0	1
16,735	1136.75	448.57	106.223	0.4315	150000.0	1
16,736	1136.8	448.57	106.227	0.397	150000.0	1
16,737	1136.85	448.57	106.231	0.3639	150000.0	1
16,738	1136.9	448.57	106.235	0.3322	150000.0	1
16,739	1136.95	448.57	106.239	0.302	150000.0	1
16,740	1137.0	448.57	106.243	0.2732	150000.0	1
16,741	1137.05	448.57	106.248	0.2458	150000.0	1
16,742	1137.1	448.55	106.233	0.8641	150000.0	1
16,743	1137.15	448.55	106.237	0.815	150000.0	1
16,744	1137.2	448.55	106.241	0.7673	150000.0	1
16,745	1137.25	448.55	106.245	0.7211	150000.0	1
16,746	1137.3	448.55	106.249	0.6763	150000.0	1
16,747	1137.35	448.55	106.253	0.633	150000.0	1
16,748	1137.4	448.55	106.257	0.591	150000.0	1
16,749	1137.45	448.55	106.261	0.5506	150000.0	1
16,750	1137.5	448.55	106.266	0.5115	150000.0	1
16,751	1137.55	448.55	106.27	0.4739	150000.0	1
16,752	1137.6	448.55	106.274	0.4377	150000.0	1
16,753	1137.65	448.55	106.278	0.4029	150000.0	1
16,754	1137.7	448.55	106.282	0.3696	150000.0	1
16,755	1137.75	448.55	106.286	0.3377	150000.0	1
16,756	1137.8	448.55	106.29	0.3072	150000.0	1
16,757	1137.85	448.55	106.294	0.2782	150000.0	1
16,758	1137.9	448.55	106.298	0.2505	150000.0	1
16,759	1137.95	448.53	106.283	0.8727	150000.0	1
16,760	1138.0	448.53	106.288	0.8234	150000.0	1
16,761	1138.05	448.53	106.292	0.7755	150000.0	1
16,762	1138.1	448.53	106.296	0.729	150000.0	1
16,763	1138.15	448.53	106.3	0.684	150000.0	1
16,764	1138.2	448.53	106.304	0.6404	150000.0	1
16,765	1138.25	448.53	106.308	0.5983	150000.0	1
16,766	1138.3	448.53	106.312	0.5575	150000.0	1
16,767	1138.35	448.53	106.316	0.5182	150000.0	1
16,768	1138.4	448.53	106.32	0.4804	150000.0	1
16,769	1138.45	448.53	106.324	0.444	150000.0	1
16,770	1138.5	448.53	106.328	0.409	150000.0	1
16,771	1138.55	448.53	106.332	0.3754	150000.0	1
16,772	1138.6	448.53	106.337	0.3432	150000.0	1
16,773	1138.65	448.53	106.341	0.3125	150000.0	1
16,774	1138.7	448.53	106.345	0.2832	150000.0	1
16,775	1138.75	448.53	106.349	0.2553	150000.0	1
16,776	1138.8	448.53	106.353	0.2289	150000.0	1
16,777	1138.85	448.51	106.338	0.8567	150000.0	1
16,778	1138.9	448.51	106.342	0.8079	150000.0	1
16,779	1138.95	448.51	106.346	0.7605	150000.0	1
16,780	1139.0	448.51	106.35	0.7145	150000.0	1
16,781	1139.05	448.51	106.354	0.6699	150000.0	1
16,782	1139.1	448.51	106.358	0.6268	150000.0	1
16,783	1139.15	448.51	106.363	0.5851	150000.0	1
16,784	1139.2	448.51	106.367	0.5448	150000.0	1
16,785	1139.25	448.51	106.371	0.506	150000.0	1
16,786	1139.3	448.51	106.375	0.4686	150000.0	1
16,787	1139.35	448.51	106.379	0.4327	150000.0	1
16,788	1139.4	448.51	106.383	0.3981	150000.0	1
16,789	1139.45	448.51	106.387	0.365	150000.0	1
16,790	1139.5	448.51	106.391	0.3333	150000.0	1
16,791	1139.55	448.51	106.395	0.3031	150000.0	1
16,792	1139.6	448.51	106.399	0.2742	150000.0	1
16,793	1139.65	448.51	106.403	0.2468	150000.0	1
16,794	1139.7	448.49	106.388	0.8778	150000.0	1
16,795	1139.75	448.49	106.392	0.8284	150000.0	1
16,796	1139.8	448.49	106.397	0.7803	150000.0	1
16,797	1139.85	448.49	106.401	0.7337	150000.0	1
16,798	1139.9	448.49	106.405	0.6886	150000.0	1
16,799	1139.95	448.49	106.409	0.6449	150000.0	1
16,800	1140.0	448.49	106.413	0.6026	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →