Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

16,501–16,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
16,501	1125.05	448.83	105.517	0.2778	150000.0	1
16,502	1125.1	448.83	105.521	0.2501	150000.0	1
16,503	1125.15	448.83	105.525	0.2238	150000.0	1
16,504	1125.2	448.83	105.529	0.199	150000.0	1
16,505	1125.25	448.81	105.516	0.7607	150000.0	1
16,506	1125.3	448.81	105.52	0.7145	150000.0	1
16,507	1125.35	448.81	105.524	0.6698	150000.0	1
16,508	1125.4	448.81	105.528	0.6265	150000.0	1
16,509	1125.45	448.81	105.532	0.5847	150000.0	1
16,510	1125.5	448.81	105.537	0.5443	150000.0	1
16,511	1125.55	448.81	105.541	0.5054	150000.0	1
16,512	1125.6	448.81	105.545	0.4679	150000.0	1
16,513	1125.65	448.81	105.549	0.4318	150000.0	1
16,514	1125.7	448.81	105.553	0.3972	150000.0	1
16,515	1125.75	448.81	105.557	0.364	150000.0	1
16,516	1125.8	448.81	105.561	0.3322	150000.0	1
16,517	1125.85	448.81	105.565	0.3019	150000.0	1
16,518	1125.9	448.81	105.569	0.273	150000.0	1
16,519	1125.95	448.81	105.573	0.2456	150000.0	1
16,520	1126.0	448.81	105.577	0.2195	150000.0	1
16,521	1126.05	448.79	105.564	0.784	150000.0	1
16,522	1126.1	448.79	105.568	0.7371	150000.0	1
16,523	1126.15	448.79	105.572	0.6917	150000.0	1
16,524	1126.2	448.79	105.577	0.6477	150000.0	1
16,525	1126.25	448.79	105.581	0.6052	150000.0	1
16,526	1126.3	448.79	105.585	0.5641	150000.0	1
16,527	1126.35	448.79	105.589	0.5245	150000.0	1
16,528	1126.4	448.79	105.593	0.4862	150000.0	1
16,529	1126.45	448.79	105.597	0.4495	150000.0	1
16,530	1126.5	448.79	105.601	0.4141	150000.0	1
16,531	1126.55	448.79	105.605	0.3802	150000.0	1
16,532	1126.6	448.79	105.609	0.3478	150000.0	1
16,533	1126.65	448.79	105.613	0.3168	150000.0	1
16,534	1126.7	448.79	105.617	0.2872	150000.0	1
16,535	1126.75	448.79	105.621	0.259	150000.0	1
16,536	1126.8	448.79	105.626	0.2323	150000.0	1
16,537	1126.85	448.79	105.63	0.207	150000.0	1
16,538	1126.9	448.78	105.617	0.7765	150000.0	1
16,539	1126.95	448.78	105.621	0.7299	150000.0	1
16,540	1127.0	448.78	105.625	0.6847	150000.0	1
16,541	1127.05	448.78	105.629	0.641	150000.0	1
16,542	1127.1	448.78	105.633	0.5987	150000.0	1
16,543	1127.15	448.78	105.637	0.5578	150000.0	1
16,544	1127.2	448.78	105.641	0.5184	150000.0	1
16,545	1127.25	448.78	105.645	0.4804	150000.0	1
16,546	1127.3	448.78	105.649	0.4439	150000.0	1
16,547	1127.35	448.78	105.653	0.4088	150000.0	1
16,548	1127.4	448.78	105.657	0.3751	150000.0	1
16,549	1127.45	448.78	105.661	0.3429	150000.0	1
16,550	1127.5	448.78	105.665	0.3121	150000.0	1
16,551	1127.55	448.78	105.67	0.2827	150000.0	1
16,552	1127.6	448.78	105.674	0.2548	150000.0	1
16,553	1127.65	448.78	105.678	0.2283	150000.0	1
16,554	1127.7	448.78	105.682	0.2032	150000.0	1
16,555	1127.75	448.76	105.669	0.7773	150000.0	1
16,556	1127.8	448.76	105.673	0.7306	150000.0	1
16,557	1127.85	448.76	105.677	0.6854	150000.0	1
16,558	1127.9	448.76	105.681	0.6417	150000.0	1
16,559	1127.95	448.76	105.685	0.5994	150000.0	1
16,560	1128.0	448.76	105.689	0.5585	150000.0	1
16,561	1128.05	448.76	105.693	0.5191	150000.0	1
16,562	1128.1	448.76	105.697	0.4811	150000.0	1
16,563	1128.15	448.76	105.701	0.4445	150000.0	1
16,564	1128.2	448.76	105.705	0.4094	150000.0	1
16,565	1128.25	448.76	105.709	0.3757	150000.0	1
16,566	1128.3	448.76	105.713	0.3435	150000.0	1
16,567	1128.35	448.76	105.718	0.3127	150000.0	1
16,568	1128.4	448.76	105.722	0.2833	150000.0	1
16,569	1128.45	448.76	105.726	0.2553	150000.0	1
16,570	1128.5	448.76	105.73	0.2288	150000.0	1
16,571	1128.55	448.76	105.734	0.2037	150000.0	1
16,572	1128.6	448.74	105.72	0.782	150000.0	1
16,573	1128.65	448.74	105.725	0.7353	150000.0	1
16,574	1128.7	448.74	105.729	0.6899	150000.0	1
16,575	1128.75	448.74	105.733	0.646	150000.0	1
16,576	1128.8	448.74	105.737	0.6036	150000.0	1
16,577	1128.85	448.74	105.741	0.5626	150000.0	1
16,578	1128.9	448.74	105.745	0.523	150000.0	1
16,579	1128.95	448.74	105.749	0.4849	150000.0	1
16,580	1129.0	448.74	105.753	0.4482	150000.0	1
16,581	1129.05	448.74	105.757	0.4129	150000.0	1
16,582	1129.1	448.74	105.761	0.3791	150000.0	1
16,583	1129.15	448.74	105.765	0.3467	150000.0	1
16,584	1129.2	448.74	105.769	0.3158	150000.0	1
16,585	1129.25	448.74	105.774	0.2862	150000.0	1
16,586	1129.3	448.74	105.778	0.2581	150000.0	1
16,587	1129.35	448.74	105.782	0.2315	150000.0	1
16,588	1129.4	448.74	105.786	0.2062	150000.0	1
16,589	1129.45	448.72	105.772	0.7887	150000.0	1
16,590	1129.5	448.72	105.776	0.7418	150000.0	1
16,591	1129.55	448.72	105.78	0.6962	150000.0	1
16,592	1129.6	448.72	105.785	0.6521	150000.0	1
16,593	1129.65	448.72	105.789	0.6095	150000.0	1
16,594	1129.7	448.72	105.793	0.5683	150000.0	1
16,595	1129.75	448.72	105.797	0.5285	150000.0	1
16,596	1129.8	448.72	105.801	0.4902	150000.0	1
16,597	1129.85	448.72	105.805	0.4533	150000.0	1
16,598	1129.9	448.72	105.809	0.4179	150000.0	1
16,599	1129.95	448.72	105.813	0.3838	150000.0	1
16,600	1130.0	448.72	105.817	0.3513	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →