Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

16,401–16,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
16,401	1120.05	448.93	105.208	0.3122	150000.0	1
16,402	1120.1	448.93	105.212	0.2828	150000.0	1
16,403	1120.15	448.93	105.216	0.2548	150000.0	1
16,404	1120.2	448.93	105.22	0.2282	150000.0	1
16,405	1120.25	448.93	105.224	0.2031	150000.0	1
16,406	1120.3	448.91	105.212	0.7392	150000.0	1
16,407	1120.35	448.91	105.216	0.6936	150000.0	1
16,408	1120.4	448.91	105.22	0.6495	150000.0	1
16,409	1120.45	448.91	105.224	0.6069	150000.0	1
16,410	1120.5	448.91	105.228	0.5657	150000.0	1
16,411	1120.55	448.91	105.232	0.5259	150000.0	1
16,412	1120.6	448.91	105.237	0.4876	150000.0	1
16,413	1120.65	448.91	105.241	0.4507	150000.0	1
16,414	1120.7	448.91	105.245	0.4153	150000.0	1
16,415	1120.75	448.91	105.249	0.3813	150000.0	1
16,416	1120.8	448.91	105.253	0.3488	150000.0	1
16,417	1120.85	448.91	105.257	0.3177	150000.0	1
16,418	1120.9	448.91	105.261	0.288	150000.0	1
16,419	1120.95	448.91	105.265	0.2597	150000.0	1
16,420	1121.0	448.91	105.269	0.2329	150000.0	1
16,421	1121.05	448.91	105.273	0.2076	150000.0	1
16,422	1121.1	448.91	105.277	0.1836	150000.0	1
16,423	1121.15	448.9	105.265	0.7253	150000.0	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	1
16,425	1121.25	448.9	105.273	0.6366	150000.0	1
16,426	1121.3	448.9	105.277	0.5944	150000.0	1
16,427	1121.35	448.9	105.281	0.5536	150000.0	1
16,428	1121.4	448.9	105.285	0.5143	150000.0	1
16,429	1121.45	448.9	105.29	0.4764	150000.0	1
16,430	1121.5	448.9	105.294	0.44	150000.0	1
16,431	1121.55	448.9	105.298	0.405	150000.0	1
16,432	1121.6	448.9	105.302	0.3714	150000.0	1
16,433	1121.65	448.9	105.306	0.3393	150000.0	1
16,434	1121.7	448.9	105.31	0.3086	150000.0	1
16,435	1121.75	448.9	105.314	0.2794	150000.0	1
16,436	1121.8	448.9	105.318	0.2516	150000.0	1
16,437	1121.85	448.9	105.322	0.2252	150000.0	1
16,438	1121.9	448.9	105.326	0.2003	150000.0	1
16,439	1121.95	448.88	105.314	0.745	150000.0	1
16,440	1122.0	448.88	105.318	0.6993	150000.0	1
16,441	1122.05	448.88	105.322	0.655	150000.0	1
16,442	1122.1	448.88	105.326	0.6122	150000.0	1
16,443	1122.15	448.88	105.33	0.5709	150000.0	1
16,444	1122.2	448.88	105.334	0.5309	150000.0	1
16,445	1122.25	448.88	105.338	0.4924	150000.0	1
16,446	1122.3	448.88	105.342	0.4554	150000.0	1
16,447	1122.35	448.88	105.347	0.4198	150000.0	1
16,448	1122.4	448.88	105.351	0.3856	150000.0	1
16,449	1122.45	448.88	105.355	0.3529	150000.0	1
16,450	1122.5	448.88	105.359	0.3216	150000.0	1
16,451	1122.55	448.88	105.363	0.2918	150000.0	1
16,452	1122.6	448.88	105.367	0.2634	150000.0	1
16,453	1122.65	448.88	105.371	0.2364	150000.0	1
16,454	1122.7	448.88	105.375	0.2108	150000.0	1
16,455	1122.75	448.86	105.363	0.759	150000.0	1
16,456	1122.8	448.86	105.367	0.7129	150000.0	1
16,457	1122.85	448.86	105.371	0.6682	150000.0	1
16,458	1122.9	448.86	105.375	0.6249	150000.0	1
16,459	1122.95	448.86	105.379	0.5831	150000.0	1
16,460	1123.0	448.86	105.383	0.5428	150000.0	1
16,461	1123.05	448.86	105.387	0.5039	150000.0	1
16,462	1123.1	448.86	105.391	0.4664	150000.0	1
16,463	1123.15	448.86	105.395	0.4304	150000.0	1
16,464	1123.2	448.86	105.399	0.3958	150000.0	1
16,465	1123.25	448.86	105.403	0.3626	150000.0	1
16,466	1123.3	448.86	105.407	0.3309	150000.0	1
16,467	1123.35	448.86	105.412	0.3006	150000.0	1
16,468	1123.4	448.86	105.416	0.2718	150000.0	1
16,469	1123.45	448.86	105.42	0.2444	150000.0	1
16,470	1123.5	448.86	105.424	0.2184	150000.0	1
16,471	1123.55	448.86	105.428	0.1939	150000.0	1
16,472	1123.6	448.85	105.415	0.7474	150000.0	1
16,473	1123.65	448.85	105.419	0.7017	150000.0	1
16,474	1123.7	448.85	105.423	0.6573	150000.0	1
16,475	1123.75	448.85	105.427	0.6145	150000.0	1
16,476	1123.8	448.85	105.432	0.573	150000.0	1
16,477	1123.85	448.85	105.436	0.533	150000.0	1
16,478	1123.9	448.85	105.44	0.4945	150000.0	1
16,479	1123.95	448.85	105.444	0.4574	150000.0	1
16,480	1124.0	448.85	105.448	0.4217	150000.0	1
16,481	1124.05	448.85	105.452	0.3875	150000.0	1
16,482	1124.1	448.85	105.456	0.3547	150000.0	1
16,483	1124.15	448.85	105.46	0.3233	150000.0	1
16,484	1124.2	448.85	105.464	0.2934	150000.0	1
16,485	1124.25	448.85	105.468	0.2649	150000.0	1
16,486	1124.3	448.85	105.472	0.2379	150000.0	1
16,487	1124.35	448.85	105.476	0.2123	150000.0	1
16,488	1124.4	448.83	105.464	0.7688	150000.0	1
16,489	1124.45	448.83	105.468	0.7223	150000.0	1
16,490	1124.5	448.83	105.472	0.6774	150000.0	1
16,491	1124.55	448.83	105.476	0.6338	150000.0	1
16,492	1124.6	448.83	105.48	0.5918	150000.0	1
16,493	1124.65	448.83	105.484	0.5511	150000.0	1
16,494	1124.7	448.83	105.488	0.5119	150000.0	1
16,495	1124.75	448.83	105.492	0.4742	150000.0	1
16,496	1124.8	448.83	105.496	0.4379	150000.0	1
16,497	1124.85	448.83	105.5	0.403	150000.0	1
16,498	1124.9	448.83	105.504	0.3695	150000.0	1
16,499	1124.95	448.83	105.509	0.3375	150000.0	1
16,500	1125.0	448.83	105.513	0.307	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →