Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

16,201–16,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
16,201	1110.05	449.12	104.577	0.5355	150000.0	1
16,202	1110.1	449.12	104.581	0.4968	150000.0	1
16,203	1110.15	449.12	104.585	0.4595	150000.0	1
16,204	1110.2	449.12	104.589	0.4236	150000.0	1
16,205	1110.25	449.12	104.594	0.3892	150000.0	1
16,206	1110.3	449.12	104.598	0.3562	150000.0	1
16,207	1110.35	449.12	104.602	0.3247	150000.0	1
16,208	1110.4	449.12	104.606	0.2946	150000.0	1
16,209	1110.45	449.12	104.61	0.266	150000.0	1
16,210	1110.5	449.12	104.614	0.2388	150000.0	1
16,211	1110.55	449.12	104.618	0.2131	150000.0	1
16,212	1110.6	449.12	104.622	0.1888	150000.0	1
16,213	1110.65	449.12	104.626	0.1659	150000.0	1
16,214	1110.7	449.11	104.615	0.6543	150000.0	1
16,215	1110.75	449.11	104.62	0.6114	150000.0	1
16,216	1110.8	449.11	104.624	0.57	150000.0	1
16,217	1110.85	449.11	104.628	0.53	150000.0	1
16,218	1110.9	449.11	104.632	0.4914	150000.0	1
16,219	1110.95	449.11	104.636	0.4543	150000.0	1
16,220	1111.0	449.11	104.64	0.4187	150000.0	1
16,221	1111.05	449.11	104.644	0.3845	150000.0	1
16,222	1111.1	449.11	104.648	0.3517	150000.0	1
16,223	1111.15	449.11	104.652	0.3204	150000.0	1
16,224	1111.2	449.11	104.656	0.2905	150000.0	1
16,225	1111.25	449.11	104.66	0.2621	150000.0	1
16,226	1111.3	449.11	104.664	0.2351	150000.0	1
16,227	1111.35	449.11	104.668	0.2096	150000.0	1
16,228	1111.4	449.11	104.673	0.1855	150000.0	1
16,229	1111.45	449.11	104.677	0.1628	150000.0	1
16,230	1111.5	449.09	104.666	0.6557	150000.0	1
16,231	1111.55	449.09	104.67	0.6127	150000.0	1
16,232	1111.6	449.09	104.674	0.5712	150000.0	1
16,233	1111.65	449.09	104.678	0.5312	150000.0	1
16,234	1111.7	449.09	104.682	0.4926	150000.0	1
16,235	1111.75	449.09	104.686	0.4555	150000.0	1
16,236	1111.8	449.09	104.69	0.4198	150000.0	1
16,237	1111.85	449.09	104.694	0.3856	150000.0	1
16,238	1111.9	449.09	104.698	0.3528	150000.0	1
16,239	1111.95	449.09	104.703	0.3214	150000.0	1
16,240	1112.0	449.09	104.707	0.2915	150000.0	1
16,241	1112.05	449.09	104.711	0.263	150000.0	1
16,242	1112.1	449.09	104.715	0.236	150000.0	1
16,243	1112.15	449.09	104.719	0.2104	150000.0	1
16,244	1112.2	449.09	104.723	0.1863	150000.0	1
16,245	1112.25	449.09	104.727	0.1636	150000.0	1
16,246	1112.3	449.08	104.716	0.6606	150000.0	1
16,247	1112.35	449.08	104.72	0.6175	150000.0	1
16,248	1112.4	449.08	104.724	0.5759	150000.0	1
16,249	1112.45	449.08	104.728	0.5357	150000.0	1
16,250	1112.5	449.08	104.732	0.4969	150000.0	1
16,251	1112.55	449.08	104.737	0.4596	150000.0	1
16,252	1112.6	449.08	104.741	0.4238	150000.0	1
16,253	1112.65	449.08	104.745	0.3894	150000.0	1
16,254	1112.7	449.08	104.749	0.3564	150000.0	1
16,255	1112.75	449.08	104.753	0.3249	150000.0	1
16,256	1112.8	449.08	104.757	0.2948	150000.0	1
16,257	1112.85	449.08	104.761	0.2662	150000.0	1
16,258	1112.9	449.08	104.765	0.239	150000.0	1
16,259	1112.95	449.08	104.769	0.2133	150000.0	1
16,260	1113.0	449.08	104.773	0.189	150000.0	1
16,261	1113.05	449.08	104.777	0.1661	150000.0	1
16,262	1113.1	449.06	104.766	0.6672	150000.0	1
16,263	1113.15	449.06	104.77	0.6239	150000.0	1
16,264	1113.2	449.06	104.774	0.582	150000.0	1
16,265	1113.25	449.06	104.778	0.5416	150000.0	1
16,266	1113.3	449.06	104.783	0.5027	150000.0	1
16,267	1113.35	449.06	104.787	0.4651	150000.0	1
16,268	1113.4	449.06	104.791	0.4291	150000.0	1
16,269	1113.45	449.06	104.795	0.3945	150000.0	1
16,270	1113.5	449.06	104.799	0.3613	150000.0	1
16,271	1113.55	449.06	104.803	0.3296	150000.0	1
16,272	1113.6	449.06	104.807	0.2993	150000.0	1
16,273	1113.65	449.06	104.811	0.2705	150000.0	1
16,274	1113.7	449.06	104.815	0.2431	150000.0	1
16,275	1113.75	449.06	104.819	0.2171	150000.0	1
16,276	1113.8	449.06	104.823	0.1926	150000.0	1
16,277	1113.85	449.06	104.827	0.1695	150000.0	1
16,278	1113.9	449.04	104.816	0.6745	150000.0	1
16,279	1113.95	449.04	104.82	0.631	150000.0	1
16,280	1114.0	449.04	104.824	0.5889	150000.0	1
16,281	1114.05	449.04	104.828	0.5483	150000.0	1
16,282	1114.1	449.04	104.833	0.5091	150000.0	1
16,283	1114.15	449.04	104.837	0.4713	150000.0	1
16,284	1114.2	449.04	104.841	0.435	150000.0	1
16,285	1114.25	449.04	104.845	0.4002	150000.0	1
16,286	1114.3	449.04	104.849	0.3668	150000.0	1
16,287	1114.35	449.04	104.853	0.3348	150000.0	1
16,288	1114.4	449.04	104.857	0.3043	150000.0	1
16,289	1114.45	449.04	104.861	0.2752	150000.0	1
16,290	1114.5	449.04	104.865	0.2476	150000.0	1
16,291	1114.55	449.04	104.869	0.2214	150000.0	1
16,292	1114.6	449.04	104.873	0.1966	150000.0	1
16,293	1114.65	449.04	104.877	0.1733	150000.0	1
16,294	1114.7	449.03	104.866	0.6823	150000.0	1
16,295	1114.75	449.03	104.87	0.6385	150000.0	1
16,296	1114.8	449.03	104.874	0.5962	150000.0	1
16,297	1114.85	449.03	104.878	0.5553	150000.0	1
16,298	1114.9	449.03	104.882	0.5158	150000.0	1
16,299	1114.95	449.03	104.887	0.4779	150000.0	1
16,300	1115.0	449.03	104.891	0.4413	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →