Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

16,101–16,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
16,101	1105.05	449.22	104.269	0.2383	150000.0	1
16,102	1105.1	449.22	104.273	0.2125	150000.0	1
16,103	1105.15	449.22	104.278	0.1882	150000.0	1
16,104	1105.2	449.22	104.282	0.1654	150000.0	1
16,105	1105.25	449.21	104.272	0.6249	150000.0	1
16,106	1105.3	449.21	104.276	0.5829	150000.0	1
16,107	1105.35	449.21	104.28	0.5424	150000.0	1
16,108	1105.4	449.21	104.284	0.5034	150000.0	1
16,109	1105.45	449.21	104.288	0.4658	150000.0	1
16,110	1105.5	449.21	104.292	0.4296	150000.0	1
16,111	1105.55	449.21	104.296	0.3949	150000.0	1
16,112	1105.6	449.21	104.3	0.3617	150000.0	1
16,113	1105.65	449.21	104.304	0.3299	150000.0	1
16,114	1105.7	449.21	104.308	0.2996	150000.0	1
16,115	1105.75	449.21	104.313	0.2707	150000.0	1
16,116	1105.8	449.21	104.317	0.2432	150000.0	1
16,117	1105.85	449.21	104.321	0.2172	150000.0	1
16,118	1105.9	449.21	104.325	0.1926	150000.0	1
16,119	1105.95	449.21	104.329	0.1695	150000.0	1
16,120	1106.0	449.21	104.333	0.1478	150000.0	1
16,121	1106.05	449.2	104.323	0.6128	150000.0	1
16,122	1106.1	449.2	104.327	0.5713	150000.0	1
16,123	1106.15	449.2	104.331	0.5312	150000.0	1
16,124	1106.2	449.2	104.335	0.4926	150000.0	1
16,125	1106.25	449.2	104.339	0.4554	150000.0	1
16,126	1106.3	449.2	104.343	0.4197	150000.0	1
16,127	1106.35	449.2	104.347	0.3854	150000.0	1
16,128	1106.4	449.2	104.352	0.3526	150000.0	1
16,129	1106.45	449.2	104.356	0.3212	150000.0	1
16,130	1106.5	449.2	104.36	0.2913	150000.0	1
16,131	1106.55	449.2	104.364	0.2628	150000.0	1
16,132	1106.6	449.2	104.368	0.2357	150000.0	1
16,133	1106.65	449.2	104.372	0.2101	150000.0	1
16,134	1106.7	449.2	104.376	0.186	150000.0	1
16,135	1106.75	449.2	104.38	0.1633	150000.0	1
16,136	1106.8	449.18	104.37	0.6312	150000.0	1
16,137	1106.85	449.18	104.374	0.589	150000.0	1
16,138	1106.9	449.18	104.378	0.5483	150000.0	1
16,139	1106.95	449.18	104.382	0.5091	150000.0	1
16,140	1107.0	449.18	104.386	0.4713	150000.0	1
16,141	1107.05	449.18	104.39	0.4349	150000.0	1
16,142	1107.1	449.18	104.394	0.4	150000.0	1
16,143	1107.15	449.18	104.399	0.3666	150000.0	1
16,144	1107.2	449.18	104.403	0.3346	150000.0	1
16,145	1107.25	449.18	104.407	0.304	150000.0	1
16,146	1107.3	449.18	104.411	0.2749	150000.0	1
16,147	1107.35	449.18	104.415	0.2473	150000.0	1
16,148	1107.4	449.18	104.419	0.221	150000.0	1
16,149	1107.45	449.18	104.423	0.1963	150000.0	1
16,150	1107.5	449.18	104.427	0.1729	150000.0	1
16,151	1107.55	449.18	104.431	0.151	150000.0	1
16,152	1107.6	449.17	104.421	0.6241	150000.0	1
16,153	1107.65	449.17	104.425	0.5822	150000.0	1
16,154	1107.7	449.17	104.429	0.5417	150000.0	1
16,155	1107.75	449.17	104.433	0.5027	150000.0	1
16,156	1107.8	449.17	104.437	0.4652	150000.0	1
16,157	1107.85	449.17	104.441	0.4291	150000.0	1
16,158	1107.9	449.17	104.445	0.3944	150000.0	1
16,159	1107.95	449.17	104.449	0.3612	150000.0	1
16,160	1108.0	449.17	104.454	0.3294	150000.0	1
16,161	1108.05	449.17	104.458	0.2991	150000.0	1
16,162	1108.1	449.17	104.462	0.2703	150000.0	1
16,163	1108.15	449.17	104.466	0.2428	150000.0	1
16,164	1108.2	449.17	104.47	0.2169	150000.0	1
16,165	1108.25	449.17	104.474	0.1923	150000.0	1
16,166	1108.3	449.17	104.478	0.1692	150000.0	1
16,167	1108.35	449.15	104.468	0.645	150000.0	1
16,168	1108.4	449.15	104.472	0.6024	150000.0	1
16,169	1108.45	449.15	104.476	0.5612	150000.0	1
16,170	1108.5	449.15	104.48	0.5215	150000.0	1
16,171	1108.55	449.15	104.484	0.4833	150000.0	1
16,172	1108.6	449.15	104.488	0.4465	150000.0	1
16,173	1108.65	449.15	104.492	0.4111	150000.0	1
16,174	1108.7	449.15	104.496	0.3772	150000.0	1
16,175	1108.75	449.15	104.5	0.3448	150000.0	1
16,176	1108.8	449.15	104.504	0.3137	150000.0	1
16,177	1108.85	449.15	104.508	0.2842	150000.0	1
16,178	1108.9	449.15	104.513	0.2561	150000.0	1
16,179	1108.95	449.15	104.517	0.2294	150000.0	1
16,180	1109.0	449.15	104.521	0.2041	150000.0	1
16,181	1109.05	449.15	104.525	0.1804	150000.0	1
16,182	1109.1	449.15	104.529	0.158	150000.0	1
16,183	1109.15	449.14	104.518	0.6388	150000.0	1
16,184	1109.2	449.14	104.523	0.5964	150000.0	1
16,185	1109.25	449.14	104.527	0.5554	150000.0	1
16,186	1109.3	449.14	104.531	0.5159	150000.0	1
16,187	1109.35	449.14	104.535	0.4779	150000.0	1
16,188	1109.4	449.14	104.539	0.4413	150000.0	1
16,189	1109.45	449.14	104.543	0.4062	150000.0	1
16,190	1109.5	449.14	104.547	0.3725	150000.0	1
16,191	1109.55	449.14	104.551	0.3402	150000.0	1
16,192	1109.6	449.14	104.555	0.3094	150000.0	1
16,193	1109.65	449.14	104.559	0.2801	150000.0	1
16,194	1109.7	449.14	104.563	0.2522	150000.0	1
16,195	1109.75	449.14	104.567	0.2257	150000.0	1
16,196	1109.8	449.14	104.571	0.2007	150000.0	1
16,197	1109.85	449.14	104.576	0.1771	150000.0	1
16,198	1109.9	449.12	104.565	0.6605	150000.0	1
16,199	1109.95	449.12	104.569	0.6174	150000.0	1
16,200	1110.0	449.12	104.573	0.5758	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →