Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

16,001–16,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
16,001	1100.05	449.31	103.943	0.5309	150000.0	1
16,002	1100.1	449.31	103.947	0.4923	150000.0	1
16,003	1100.15	449.31	103.951	0.455	150000.0	1
16,004	1100.2	449.31	103.955	0.4193	150000.0	1
16,005	1100.25	449.31	103.959	0.385	150000.0	1
16,006	1100.3	449.31	103.963	0.3521	150000.0	1
16,007	1100.35	449.31	103.967	0.3208	150000.0	1
16,008	1100.4	449.31	103.971	0.2908	150000.0	1
16,009	1100.45	449.31	103.975	0.2623	150000.0	1
16,010	1100.5	449.31	103.979	0.2353	150000.0	1
16,011	1100.55	449.31	103.983	0.2097	150000.0	1
16,012	1100.6	449.31	103.988	0.1855	150000.0	1
16,013	1100.65	449.31	103.992	0.1628	150000.0	1
16,014	1100.7	449.31	103.996	0.1415	150000.0	1
16,015	1100.75	449.29	103.987	0.5786	150000.0	1
16,016	1100.8	449.29	103.991	0.5382	150000.0	1
16,017	1100.85	449.29	103.995	0.4992	150000.0	1
16,018	1100.9	449.29	103.999	0.4618	150000.0	1
16,019	1100.95	449.29	104.003	0.4258	150000.0	1
16,020	1101.0	449.29	104.007	0.3912	150000.0	1
16,021	1101.05	449.29	104.011	0.3581	150000.0	1
16,022	1101.1	449.29	104.015	0.3264	150000.0	1
16,023	1101.15	449.29	104.019	0.2962	150000.0	1
16,024	1101.2	449.29	104.023	0.2675	150000.0	1
16,025	1101.25	449.29	104.027	0.2401	150000.0	1
16,026	1101.3	449.29	104.031	0.2143	150000.0	1
16,027	1101.35	449.29	104.035	0.1899	150000.0	1
16,028	1101.4	449.29	104.04	0.1669	150000.0	1
16,029	1101.45	449.29	104.044	0.1454	150000.0	1
16,030	1101.5	449.28	104.034	0.5862	150000.0	1
16,031	1101.55	449.28	104.038	0.5455	150000.0	1
16,032	1101.6	449.28	104.043	0.5063	150000.0	1
16,033	1101.65	449.28	104.047	0.4686	150000.0	1
16,034	1101.7	449.28	104.051	0.4323	150000.0	1
16,035	1101.75	449.28	104.055	0.3975	150000.0	1
16,036	1101.8	449.28	104.059	0.3641	150000.0	1
16,037	1101.85	449.28	104.063	0.3322	150000.0	1
16,038	1101.9	449.28	104.067	0.3017	150000.0	1
16,039	1101.95	449.28	104.071	0.2727	150000.0	1
16,040	1102.0	449.28	104.075	0.2451	150000.0	1
16,041	1102.05	449.28	104.079	0.219	150000.0	1
16,042	1102.1	449.28	104.083	0.1943	150000.0	1
16,043	1102.15	449.28	104.087	0.1711	150000.0	1
16,044	1102.2	449.28	104.091	0.1493	150000.0	1
16,045	1102.25	449.27	104.082	0.5938	150000.0	1
16,046	1102.3	449.27	104.086	0.5529	150000.0	1
16,047	1102.35	449.27	104.09	0.5135	150000.0	1
16,048	1102.4	449.27	104.094	0.4755	150000.0	1
16,049	1102.45	449.27	104.098	0.4389	150000.0	1
16,050	1102.5	449.27	104.102	0.4038	150000.0	1
16,051	1102.55	449.27	104.107	0.3702	150000.0	1
16,052	1102.6	449.27	104.111	0.338	150000.0	1
16,053	1102.65	449.27	104.115	0.3073	150000.0	1
16,054	1102.7	449.27	104.119	0.278	150000.0	1
16,055	1102.75	449.27	104.123	0.2501	150000.0	1
16,056	1102.8	449.27	104.127	0.2237	150000.0	1
16,057	1102.85	449.27	104.131	0.1988	150000.0	1
16,058	1102.9	449.27	104.135	0.1753	150000.0	1
16,059	1102.95	449.27	104.139	0.1532	150000.0	1
16,060	1103.0	449.25	104.13	0.6015	150000.0	1
16,061	1103.05	449.25	104.134	0.5604	150000.0	1
16,062	1103.1	449.25	104.138	0.5206	150000.0	1
16,063	1103.15	449.25	104.142	0.4824	150000.0	1
16,064	1103.2	449.25	104.146	0.4456	150000.0	1
16,065	1103.25	449.25	104.15	0.4102	150000.0	1
16,066	1103.3	449.25	104.154	0.3763	150000.0	1
16,067	1103.35	449.25	104.158	0.3439	150000.0	1
16,068	1103.4	449.25	104.162	0.3129	150000.0	1
16,069	1103.45	449.25	104.166	0.2833	150000.0	1
16,070	1103.5	449.25	104.17	0.2552	150000.0	1
16,071	1103.55	449.25	104.175	0.2285	150000.0	1
16,072	1103.6	449.25	104.179	0.2033	150000.0	1
16,073	1103.65	449.25	104.183	0.1796	150000.0	1
16,074	1103.7	449.25	104.187	0.1572	150000.0	1
16,075	1103.75	449.24	104.177	0.6093	150000.0	1
16,076	1103.8	449.24	104.181	0.5678	150000.0	1
16,077	1103.85	449.24	104.185	0.5279	150000.0	1
16,078	1103.9	449.24	104.189	0.4893	150000.0	1
16,079	1103.95	449.24	104.193	0.4523	150000.0	1
16,080	1104.0	449.24	104.198	0.4167	150000.0	1
16,081	1104.05	449.24	104.202	0.3825	150000.0	1
16,082	1104.1	449.24	104.206	0.3498	150000.0	1
16,083	1104.15	449.24	104.21	0.3185	150000.0	1
16,084	1104.2	449.24	104.214	0.2887	150000.0	1
16,085	1104.25	449.24	104.218	0.2603	150000.0	1
16,086	1104.3	449.24	104.222	0.2334	150000.0	1
16,087	1104.35	449.24	104.226	0.2079	150000.0	1
16,088	1104.4	449.24	104.23	0.1839	150000.0	1
16,089	1104.45	449.24	104.234	0.1613	150000.0	1
16,090	1104.5	449.22	104.225	0.6171	150000.0	1
16,091	1104.55	449.22	104.229	0.5754	150000.0	1
16,092	1104.6	449.22	104.233	0.5351	150000.0	1
16,093	1104.65	449.22	104.237	0.4963	150000.0	1
16,094	1104.7	449.22	104.241	0.459	150000.0	1
16,095	1104.75	449.22	104.245	0.4231	150000.0	1
16,096	1104.8	449.22	104.249	0.3887	150000.0	1
16,097	1104.85	449.22	104.253	0.3557	150000.0	1
16,098	1104.9	449.22	104.257	0.3242	150000.0	1
16,099	1104.95	449.22	104.261	0.2941	150000.0	1
16,100	1105.0	449.22	104.265	0.2655	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →