Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

15,801–15,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
15,801	1090.05	449.49	103.3	0.296	150000.0	1
15,802	1090.1	449.49	103.304	0.2672	150000.0	1
15,803	1090.15	449.49	103.308	0.2398	150000.0	1
15,804	1090.2	449.49	103.312	0.2139	150000.0	1
15,805	1090.25	449.49	103.316	0.1895	150000.0	1
15,806	1090.3	449.49	103.32	0.1665	150000.0	1
15,807	1090.35	449.49	103.325	0.145	150000.0	1
15,808	1090.4	449.49	103.329	0.1249	150000.0	1
15,809	1090.45	449.47	103.321	0.5066	150000.0	1
15,810	1090.5	449.47	103.325	0.4688	150000.0	1
15,811	1090.55	449.47	103.329	0.4324	150000.0	1
15,812	1090.6	449.47	103.333	0.3975	150000.0	1
15,813	1090.65	449.47	103.337	0.3641	150000.0	1
15,814	1090.7	449.47	103.342	0.3321	150000.0	1
15,815	1090.75	449.47	103.346	0.3016	150000.0	1
15,816	1090.8	449.47	103.35	0.2725	150000.0	1
15,817	1090.85	449.47	103.354	0.2449	150000.0	1
15,818	1090.9	449.47	103.358	0.2187	150000.0	1
15,819	1090.95	449.47	103.362	0.194	150000.0	1
15,820	1091.0	449.47	103.366	0.1708	150000.0	1
15,821	1091.05	449.47	103.37	0.1489	150000.0	1
15,822	1091.1	449.47	103.374	0.1286	150000.0	1
15,823	1091.15	449.46	103.367	0.5139	150000.0	1
15,824	1091.2	449.46	103.371	0.4758	150000.0	1
15,825	1091.25	449.46	103.375	0.4392	150000.0	1
15,826	1091.3	449.46	103.379	0.404	150000.0	1
15,827	1091.35	449.46	103.383	0.3703	150000.0	1
15,828	1091.4	449.46	103.387	0.3381	150000.0	1
15,829	1091.45	449.46	103.391	0.3073	150000.0	1
15,830	1091.5	449.46	103.395	0.2779	150000.0	1
15,831	1091.55	449.46	103.399	0.25	150000.0	1
15,832	1091.6	449.46	103.403	0.2236	150000.0	1
15,833	1091.65	449.46	103.407	0.1986	150000.0	1
15,834	1091.7	449.46	103.411	0.1751	150000.0	1
15,835	1091.75	449.46	103.415	0.153	150000.0	1
15,836	1091.8	449.46	103.419	0.1323	150000.0	1
15,837	1091.85	449.46	103.424	0.1132	150000.0	1
15,838	1091.9	449.45	103.416	0.5039	150000.0	1
15,839	1091.95	449.45	103.42	0.4662	150000.0	1
15,840	1092.0	449.45	103.424	0.4299	150000.0	1
15,841	1092.05	449.45	103.428	0.3951	150000.0	1
15,842	1092.1	449.45	103.432	0.3618	150000.0	1
15,843	1092.15	449.45	103.436	0.3299	150000.0	1
15,844	1092.2	449.45	103.44	0.2995	150000.0	1
15,845	1092.25	449.45	103.444	0.2706	150000.0	1
15,846	1092.3	449.45	103.448	0.243	150000.0	1
15,847	1092.35	449.45	103.453	0.217	150000.0	1
15,848	1092.4	449.45	103.457	0.1924	150000.0	1
15,849	1092.45	449.45	103.461	0.1692	150000.0	1
15,850	1092.5	449.45	103.465	0.1475	150000.0	1
15,851	1092.55	449.45	103.469	0.1273	150000.0	1
15,852	1092.6	449.44	103.461	0.5207	150000.0	1
15,853	1092.65	449.44	103.465	0.4824	150000.0	1
15,854	1092.7	449.44	103.469	0.4455	150000.0	1
15,855	1092.75	449.44	103.473	0.4101	150000.0	1
15,856	1092.8	449.44	103.477	0.3761	150000.0	1
15,857	1092.85	449.44	103.481	0.3436	150000.0	1
15,858	1092.9	449.44	103.485	0.3126	150000.0	1
15,859	1092.95	449.44	103.49	0.283	150000.0	1
15,860	1093.0	449.44	103.494	0.2548	150000.0	1
15,861	1093.05	449.44	103.498	0.2282	150000.0	1
15,862	1093.1	449.44	103.502	0.2029	150000.0	1
15,863	1093.15	449.44	103.506	0.1791	150000.0	1
15,864	1093.2	449.44	103.51	0.1568	150000.0	1
15,865	1093.25	449.44	103.514	0.1359	150000.0	1
15,866	1093.3	449.44	103.518	0.1165	150000.0	1
15,867	1093.35	449.42	103.51	0.5149	150000.0	1
15,868	1093.4	449.42	103.514	0.4768	150000.0	1
15,869	1093.45	449.42	103.518	0.4402	150000.0	1
15,870	1093.5	449.42	103.522	0.405	150000.0	1
15,871	1093.55	449.42	103.526	0.3712	150000.0	1
15,872	1093.6	449.42	103.53	0.339	150000.0	1
15,873	1093.65	449.42	103.535	0.3081	150000.0	1
15,874	1093.7	449.42	103.539	0.2787	150000.0	1
15,875	1093.75	449.42	103.543	0.2508	150000.0	1
15,876	1093.8	449.42	103.547	0.2243	150000.0	1
15,877	1093.85	449.42	103.551	0.1993	150000.0	1
15,878	1093.9	449.42	103.555	0.1758	150000.0	1
15,879	1093.95	449.42	103.559	0.1536	150000.0	1
15,880	1094.0	449.42	103.563	0.133	150000.0	1
15,881	1094.05	449.41	103.555	0.534	150000.0	1
15,882	1094.1	449.41	103.559	0.4952	150000.0	1
15,883	1094.15	449.41	103.563	0.4578	150000.0	1
15,884	1094.2	449.41	103.567	0.4219	150000.0	1
15,885	1094.25	449.41	103.571	0.3875	150000.0	1
15,886	1094.3	449.41	103.575	0.3545	150000.0	1
15,887	1094.35	449.41	103.579	0.323	150000.0	1
15,888	1094.4	449.41	103.584	0.2929	150000.0	1
15,889	1094.45	449.41	103.588	0.2642	150000.0	1
15,890	1094.5	449.41	103.592	0.2371	150000.0	1
15,891	1094.55	449.41	103.596	0.2113	150000.0	1
15,892	1094.6	449.41	103.6	0.1871	150000.0	1
15,893	1094.65	449.41	103.604	0.1642	150000.0	1
15,894	1094.7	449.41	103.608	0.1429	150000.0	1
15,895	1094.75	449.41	103.612	0.1229	150000.0	1
15,896	1094.8	449.4	103.604	0.5289	150000.0	1
15,897	1094.85	449.4	103.608	0.4902	150000.0	1
15,898	1094.9	449.4	103.612	0.4531	150000.0	1
15,899	1094.95	449.4	103.616	0.4174	150000.0	1
15,900	1095.0	449.4	103.62	0.3831	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →