Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

15,701–15,800 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
15,701	1085.05	449.57	102.971	0.3163	150000.0	1
15,702	1085.1	449.57	102.975	0.2865	150000.0	1
15,703	1085.15	449.57	102.979	0.2582	150000.0	1
15,704	1085.2	449.57	102.983	0.2313	150000.0	1
15,705	1085.25	449.57	102.987	0.2058	150000.0	1
15,706	1085.3	449.57	102.991	0.1818	150000.0	1
15,707	1085.35	449.57	102.995	0.1593	150000.0	1
15,708	1085.4	449.57	102.999	0.1382	150000.0	1
15,709	1085.45	449.57	103.003	0.1186	150000.0	1
15,710	1085.5	449.57	103.007	0.1004	150000.0	1
15,711	1085.55	449.55	103.0	0.4568	150000.0	1
15,712	1085.6	449.55	103.005	0.4209	150000.0	1
15,713	1085.65	449.55	103.009	0.3864	150000.0	1
15,714	1085.7	449.55	103.013	0.3535	150000.0	1
15,715	1085.75	449.55	103.017	0.3219	150000.0	1
15,716	1085.8	449.55	103.021	0.2919	150000.0	1
15,717	1085.85	449.55	103.025	0.2632	150000.0	1
15,718	1085.9	449.55	103.029	0.2361	150000.0	1
15,719	1085.95	449.55	103.033	0.2104	150000.0	1
15,720	1086.0	449.55	103.037	0.1861	150000.0	1
15,721	1086.05	449.55	103.041	0.1633	150000.0	1
15,722	1086.1	449.55	103.045	0.142	150000.0	1
15,723	1086.15	449.55	103.049	0.1221	150000.0	1
15,724	1086.2	449.55	103.053	0.1037	150000.0	1
15,725	1086.25	449.54	103.047	0.4637	150000.0	1
15,726	1086.3	449.54	103.051	0.4275	150000.0	1
15,727	1086.35	449.54	103.055	0.3928	150000.0	1
15,728	1086.4	449.54	103.059	0.3595	150000.0	1
15,729	1086.45	449.54	103.063	0.3277	150000.0	1
15,730	1086.5	449.54	103.067	0.2974	150000.0	1
15,731	1086.55	449.54	103.071	0.2685	150000.0	1
15,732	1086.6	449.54	103.075	0.2411	150000.0	1
15,733	1086.65	449.54	103.079	0.2151	150000.0	1
15,734	1086.7	449.54	103.083	0.1906	150000.0	1
15,735	1086.75	449.54	103.087	0.1675	150000.0	1
15,736	1086.8	449.54	103.091	0.1459	150000.0	1
15,737	1086.85	449.54	103.096	0.1257	150000.0	1
15,738	1086.9	449.54	103.1	0.107	150000.0	1
15,739	1086.95	449.53	103.093	0.4707	150000.0	1
15,740	1087.0	449.53	103.097	0.4342	150000.0	1
15,741	1087.05	449.53	103.101	0.3993	150000.0	1
15,742	1087.1	449.53	103.105	0.3657	150000.0	1
15,743	1087.15	449.53	103.109	0.3337	150000.0	1
15,744	1087.2	449.53	103.113	0.303	150000.0	1
15,745	1087.25	449.53	103.117	0.2739	150000.0	1
15,746	1087.3	449.53	103.121	0.2462	150000.0	1
15,747	1087.35	449.53	103.125	0.2199	150000.0	1
15,748	1087.4	449.53	103.129	0.1951	150000.0	1
15,749	1087.45	449.53	103.133	0.1718	150000.0	1
15,750	1087.5	449.53	103.137	0.1499	150000.0	1
15,751	1087.55	449.53	103.142	0.1295	150000.0	1
15,752	1087.6	449.53	103.146	0.1105	150000.0	1
15,753	1087.65	449.52	103.139	0.4778	150000.0	1
15,754	1087.7	449.52	103.143	0.4411	150000.0	1
15,755	1087.75	449.52	103.147	0.4058	150000.0	1
15,756	1087.8	449.52	103.151	0.372	150000.0	1
15,757	1087.85	449.52	103.155	0.3397	150000.0	1
15,758	1087.9	449.52	103.159	0.3088	150000.0	1
15,759	1087.95	449.52	103.163	0.2793	150000.0	1
15,760	1088.0	449.52	103.167	0.2514	150000.0	1
15,761	1088.05	449.52	103.171	0.2248	150000.0	1
15,762	1088.1	449.52	103.175	0.1998	150000.0	1
15,763	1088.15	449.52	103.179	0.1761	150000.0	1
15,764	1088.2	449.52	103.183	0.154	150000.0	1
15,765	1088.25	449.52	103.187	0.1333	150000.0	1
15,766	1088.3	449.52	103.192	0.114	150000.0	1
15,767	1088.35	449.51	103.184	0.4849	150000.0	1
15,768	1088.4	449.51	103.188	0.4479	150000.0	1
15,769	1088.45	449.51	103.193	0.4124	150000.0	1
15,770	1088.5	449.51	103.197	0.3783	150000.0	1
15,771	1088.55	449.51	103.201	0.3457	150000.0	1
15,772	1088.6	449.51	103.205	0.3145	150000.0	1
15,773	1088.65	449.51	103.209	0.2848	150000.0	1
15,774	1088.7	449.51	103.213	0.2566	150000.0	1
15,775	1088.75	449.51	103.217	0.2298	150000.0	1
15,776	1088.8	449.51	103.221	0.2044	150000.0	1
15,777	1088.85	449.51	103.225	0.1805	150000.0	1
15,778	1088.9	449.51	103.229	0.1581	150000.0	1
15,779	1088.95	449.51	103.233	0.1371	150000.0	1
15,780	1089.0	449.51	103.237	0.1176	150000.0	1
15,781	1089.05	449.5	103.23	0.4921	150000.0	1
15,782	1089.1	449.5	103.234	0.4549	150000.0	1
15,783	1089.15	449.5	103.238	0.419	150000.0	1
15,784	1089.2	449.5	103.242	0.3847	150000.0	1
15,785	1089.25	449.5	103.246	0.3518	150000.0	1
15,786	1089.3	449.5	103.25	0.3204	150000.0	1
15,787	1089.35	449.5	103.255	0.2904	150000.0	1
15,788	1089.4	449.5	103.259	0.2619	150000.0	1
15,789	1089.45	449.5	103.263	0.2348	150000.0	1
15,790	1089.5	449.5	103.267	0.2092	150000.0	1
15,791	1089.55	449.5	103.271	0.185	150000.0	1
15,792	1089.6	449.5	103.275	0.1623	150000.0	1
15,793	1089.65	449.5	103.279	0.141	150000.0	1
15,794	1089.7	449.5	103.283	0.1212	150000.0	1
15,795	1089.75	449.49	103.276	0.4993	150000.0	1
15,796	1089.8	449.49	103.28	0.4618	150000.0	1
15,797	1089.85	449.49	103.284	0.4257	150000.0	1
15,798	1089.9	449.49	103.288	0.3911	150000.0	1
15,799	1089.95	449.49	103.292	0.3579	150000.0	1
15,800	1090.0	449.49	103.296	0.3262	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →