Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

15,501–15,600 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
15,501	1075.05	449.72	102.304	0.2012	150000.0	1
15,502	1075.1	449.72	102.308	0.1774	150000.0	1
15,503	1075.15	449.72	102.312	0.1551	150000.0	1
15,504	1075.2	449.72	102.316	0.1343	150000.0	1
15,505	1075.25	449.72	102.32	0.115	150000.0	1
15,506	1075.3	449.72	102.324	0.0971	150000.0	1
15,507	1075.35	449.72	102.328	0.0806	150000.0	1
15,508	1075.4	449.71	102.323	0.3808	150000.0	1
15,509	1075.45	449.71	102.327	0.348	150000.0	1
15,510	1075.5	449.71	102.332	0.3167	150000.0	1
15,511	1075.55	449.71	102.336	0.2868	150000.0	1
15,512	1075.6	449.71	102.34	0.2584	150000.0	1
15,513	1075.65	449.71	102.344	0.2315	150000.0	1
15,514	1075.7	449.71	102.348	0.206	150000.0	1
15,515	1075.75	449.71	102.352	0.182	150000.0	1
15,516	1075.8	449.71	102.356	0.1594	150000.0	1
15,517	1075.85	449.71	102.36	0.1383	150000.0	1
15,518	1075.9	449.71	102.364	0.1186	150000.0	1
15,519	1075.95	449.71	102.368	0.1005	150000.0	1
15,520	1076.0	449.71	102.372	0.0837	150000.0	1
15,521	1076.05	449.7	102.367	0.3873	150000.0	1
15,522	1076.1	449.7	102.371	0.3543	150000.0	1
15,523	1076.15	449.7	102.375	0.3227	150000.0	1
15,524	1076.2	449.7	102.379	0.2925	150000.0	1
15,525	1076.25	449.7	102.383	0.2639	150000.0	1
15,526	1076.3	449.7	102.388	0.2366	150000.0	1
15,527	1076.35	449.7	102.392	0.2109	150000.0	1
15,528	1076.4	449.7	102.396	0.1866	150000.0	1
15,529	1076.45	449.7	102.4	0.1637	150000.0	1
15,530	1076.5	449.7	102.404	0.1423	150000.0	1
15,531	1076.55	449.7	102.408	0.1224	150000.0	1
15,532	1076.6	449.7	102.412	0.1039	150000.0	1
15,533	1076.65	449.7	102.416	0.0869	150000.0	1
15,534	1076.7	449.69	102.411	0.394	150000.0	1
15,535	1076.75	449.69	102.415	0.3606	150000.0	1
15,536	1076.8	449.69	102.419	0.3287	150000.0	1
15,537	1076.85	449.69	102.423	0.2983	150000.0	1
15,538	1076.9	449.69	102.427	0.2693	150000.0	1
15,539	1076.95	449.69	102.431	0.2418	150000.0	1
15,540	1077.0	449.69	102.435	0.2158	150000.0	1
15,541	1077.05	449.69	102.439	0.1912	150000.0	1
15,542	1077.1	449.69	102.443	0.1681	150000.0	1
15,543	1077.15	449.69	102.447	0.1464	150000.0	1
15,544	1077.2	449.69	102.451	0.1262	150000.0	1
15,545	1077.25	449.69	102.456	0.1074	150000.0	1
15,546	1077.3	449.69	102.46	0.0901	150000.0	1
15,547	1077.35	449.68	102.454	0.4006	150000.0	1
15,548	1077.4	449.68	102.458	0.367	150000.0	1
15,549	1077.45	449.68	102.462	0.3348	150000.0	1
15,550	1077.5	449.68	102.467	0.3041	150000.0	1
15,551	1077.55	449.68	102.471	0.2749	150000.0	1
15,552	1077.6	449.68	102.475	0.2471	150000.0	1
15,553	1077.65	449.68	102.479	0.2208	150000.0	1
15,554	1077.7	449.68	102.483	0.1959	150000.0	1
15,555	1077.75	449.68	102.487	0.1725	150000.0	1
15,556	1077.8	449.68	102.491	0.1505	150000.0	1
15,557	1077.85	449.68	102.495	0.13	150000.0	1
15,558	1077.9	449.68	102.499	0.111	150000.0	1
15,559	1077.95	449.68	102.503	0.0934	150000.0	1
15,560	1078.0	449.67	102.498	0.4073	150000.0	1
15,561	1078.05	449.67	102.502	0.3734	150000.0	1
15,562	1078.1	449.67	102.506	0.341	150000.0	1
15,563	1078.15	449.67	102.51	0.31	150000.0	1
15,564	1078.2	449.67	102.514	0.2804	150000.0	1
15,565	1078.25	449.67	102.518	0.2524	150000.0	1
15,566	1078.3	449.67	102.522	0.2258	150000.0	1
15,567	1078.35	449.67	102.526	0.2006	150000.0	1
15,568	1078.4	449.67	102.53	0.1769	150000.0	1
15,569	1078.45	449.67	102.534	0.1547	150000.0	1
15,570	1078.5	449.67	102.538	0.1339	150000.0	1
15,571	1078.55	449.67	102.542	0.1146	150000.0	1
15,572	1078.6	449.67	102.547	0.0967	150000.0	1
15,573	1078.65	449.67	102.551	0.0803	150000.0	1
15,574	1078.7	449.66	102.545	0.3995	150000.0	1
15,575	1078.75	449.66	102.549	0.3659	150000.0	1
15,576	1078.8	449.66	102.553	0.3338	150000.0	1
15,577	1078.85	449.66	102.557	0.3031	150000.0	1
15,578	1078.9	449.66	102.561	0.2739	150000.0	1
15,579	1078.95	449.66	102.565	0.2462	150000.0	1
15,580	1079.0	449.66	102.57	0.2199	150000.0	1
15,581	1079.05	449.66	102.574	0.1951	150000.0	1
15,582	1079.1	449.66	102.578	0.1717	150000.0	1
15,583	1079.15	449.66	102.582	0.1498	150000.0	1
15,584	1079.2	449.66	102.586	0.1294	150000.0	1
15,585	1079.25	449.66	102.59	0.1104	150000.0	1
15,586	1079.3	449.66	102.594	0.0929	150000.0	1
15,587	1079.35	449.65	102.588	0.4146	150000.0	1
15,588	1079.4	449.65	102.592	0.3804	150000.0	1
15,589	1079.45	449.65	102.596	0.3476	150000.0	1
15,590	1079.5	449.65	102.6	0.3163	150000.0	1
15,591	1079.55	449.65	102.605	0.2865	150000.0	1
15,592	1079.6	449.65	102.609	0.2581	150000.0	1
15,593	1079.65	449.65	102.613	0.2312	150000.0	1
15,594	1079.7	449.65	102.617	0.2058	150000.0	1
15,595	1079.75	449.65	102.621	0.1818	150000.0	1
15,596	1079.8	449.65	102.625	0.1592	150000.0	1
15,597	1079.85	449.65	102.629	0.1381	150000.0	1
15,598	1079.9	449.65	102.633	0.1185	150000.0	1
15,599	1079.95	449.65	102.637	0.1003	150000.0	1
15,600	1080.0	449.65	102.641	0.0836	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →