Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

15,401–15,500 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
15,401	1070.05	449.79	101.966	0.0902	150000.0	1
15,402	1070.1	449.79	101.97	0.0743	150000.0	1
15,403	1070.15	449.79	101.974	0.0599	150000.0	1
15,404	1070.2	449.78	101.97	0.3318	150000.0	1
15,405	1070.25	449.78	101.974	0.3012	150000.0	1
15,406	1070.3	449.78	101.978	0.2721	150000.0	1
15,407	1070.35	449.78	101.982	0.2444	150000.0	1
15,408	1070.4	449.78	101.986	0.2182	150000.0	1
15,409	1070.45	449.78	101.99	0.1935	150000.0	1
15,410	1070.5	449.78	101.994	0.1702	150000.0	1
15,411	1070.55	449.78	101.998	0.1484	150000.0	1
15,412	1070.6	449.78	102.002	0.128	150000.0	1
15,413	1070.65	449.78	102.006	0.1091	150000.0	1
15,414	1070.7	449.78	102.01	0.0916	150000.0	1
15,415	1070.75	449.78	102.014	0.0757	150000.0	1
15,416	1070.8	449.78	102.019	0.0611	150000.0	1
15,417	1070.85	449.77	102.014	0.3367	150000.0	1
15,418	1070.9	449.77	102.018	0.3059	150000.0	1
15,419	1070.95	449.77	102.022	0.2765	150000.0	1
15,420	1071.0	449.77	102.026	0.2487	150000.0	1
15,421	1071.05	449.77	102.031	0.2222	150000.0	1
15,422	1071.1	449.77	102.035	0.1973	150000.0	1
15,423	1071.15	449.77	102.039	0.1737	150000.0	1
15,424	1071.2	449.77	102.043	0.1517	150000.0	1
15,425	1071.25	449.77	102.047	0.1311	150000.0	1
15,426	1071.3	449.77	102.051	0.112	150000.0	1
15,427	1071.35	449.77	102.055	0.0943	150000.0	1
15,428	1071.4	449.77	102.059	0.0781	150000.0	1
15,429	1071.45	449.77	102.063	0.0633	150000.0	1
15,430	1071.5	449.76	102.059	0.3425	150000.0	1
15,431	1071.55	449.76	102.063	0.3114	150000.0	1
15,432	1071.6	449.76	102.067	0.2818	150000.0	1
15,433	1071.65	449.76	102.071	0.2536	150000.0	1
15,434	1071.7	449.76	102.075	0.2269	150000.0	1
15,435	1071.75	449.76	102.079	0.2017	150000.0	1
15,436	1071.8	449.76	102.083	0.1779	150000.0	1
15,437	1071.85	449.76	102.087	0.1556	150000.0	1
15,438	1071.9	449.76	102.091	0.1347	150000.0	1
15,439	1071.95	449.76	102.095	0.1153	150000.0	1
15,440	1072.0	449.76	102.099	0.0974	150000.0	1
15,441	1072.05	449.76	102.104	0.0809	150000.0	1
15,442	1072.1	449.76	102.108	0.0659	150000.0	1
15,443	1072.15	449.75	102.103	0.3486	150000.0	1
15,444	1072.2	449.75	102.107	0.3173	150000.0	1
15,445	1072.25	449.75	102.111	0.2874	150000.0	1
15,446	1072.3	449.75	102.115	0.2589	150000.0	1
15,447	1072.35	449.75	102.119	0.232	150000.0	1
15,448	1072.4	449.75	102.124	0.2064	150000.0	1
15,449	1072.45	449.75	102.128	0.1824	150000.0	1
15,450	1072.5	449.75	102.132	0.1598	150000.0	1
15,451	1072.55	449.75	102.136	0.1386	150000.0	1
15,452	1072.6	449.75	102.14	0.119	150000.0	1
15,453	1072.65	449.75	102.144	0.1007	150000.0	1
15,454	1072.7	449.75	102.148	0.084	150000.0	1
15,455	1072.75	449.75	102.152	0.0687	150000.0	1
15,456	1072.8	449.74	102.147	0.3549	150000.0	1
15,457	1072.85	449.74	102.151	0.3233	150000.0	1
15,458	1072.9	449.74	102.156	0.2931	150000.0	1
15,459	1072.95	449.74	102.16	0.2644	150000.0	1
15,460	1073.0	449.74	102.164	0.2371	150000.0	1
15,461	1073.05	449.74	102.168	0.2113	150000.0	1
15,462	1073.1	449.74	102.172	0.187	150000.0	1
15,463	1073.15	449.74	102.176	0.1641	150000.0	1
15,464	1073.2	449.74	102.18	0.1427	150000.0	1
15,465	1073.25	449.74	102.184	0.1227	150000.0	1
15,466	1073.3	449.74	102.188	0.1042	150000.0	1
15,467	1073.35	449.74	102.192	0.0872	150000.0	1
15,468	1073.4	449.74	102.196	0.0716	150000.0	1
15,469	1073.45	449.74	102.192	0.3613	150000.0	1
15,470	1073.5	449.74	102.196	0.3294	150000.0	1
15,471	1073.55	449.74	102.2	0.2989	150000.0	1
15,472	1073.6	449.74	102.204	0.2699	150000.0	1
15,473	1073.65	449.74	102.208	0.2424	150000.0	1
15,474	1073.7	449.74	102.212	0.2163	150000.0	1
15,475	1073.75	449.74	102.216	0.1916	150000.0	1
15,476	1073.8	449.74	102.22	0.1685	150000.0	1
15,477	1073.85	449.74	102.224	0.1468	150000.0	1
15,478	1073.9	449.74	102.228	0.1265	150000.0	1
15,479	1073.95	449.74	102.232	0.1077	150000.0	1
15,480	1074.0	449.74	102.236	0.0904	150000.0	1
15,481	1074.05	449.74	102.24	0.0745	150000.0	1
15,482	1074.1	449.73	102.236	0.3677	150000.0	1
15,483	1074.15	449.73	102.24	0.3355	150000.0	1
15,484	1074.2	449.73	102.244	0.3048	150000.0	1
15,485	1074.25	449.73	102.248	0.2755	150000.0	1
15,486	1074.3	449.73	102.252	0.2477	150000.0	1
15,487	1074.35	449.73	102.256	0.2213	150000.0	1
15,488	1074.4	449.73	102.26	0.1964	150000.0	1
15,489	1074.45	449.73	102.264	0.1729	150000.0	1
15,490	1074.5	449.73	102.268	0.1509	150000.0	1
15,491	1074.55	449.73	102.272	0.1304	150000.0	1
15,492	1074.6	449.73	102.276	0.1113	150000.0	1
15,493	1074.65	449.73	102.28	0.0937	150000.0	1
15,494	1074.7	449.73	102.284	0.0775	150000.0	1
15,495	1074.75	449.72	102.28	0.3742	150000.0	1
15,496	1074.8	449.72	102.284	0.3417	150000.0	1
15,497	1074.85	449.72	102.288	0.3107	150000.0	1
15,498	1074.9	449.72	102.292	0.2811	150000.0	1
15,499	1074.95	449.72	102.296	0.253	150000.0	1
15,500	1075.0	449.72	102.3	0.2264	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →