Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

15,201–15,300 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
15,201	1060.05	449.91	101.269	0.1314	150000.0	1
15,202	1060.1	449.91	101.273	0.1122	150000.0	1
15,203	1060.15	449.91	101.277	0.0945	150000.0	1
15,204	1060.2	449.91	101.281	0.0783	150000.0	1
15,205	1060.25	449.91	101.285	0.0635	150000.0	1
15,206	1060.3	449.91	101.289	0.0502	150000.0	1
15,207	1060.35	449.91	101.293	0.0384	150000.0	1
15,208	1060.4	449.9	101.291	0.2544	150000.0	1
15,209	1060.45	449.9	101.295	0.2276	150000.0	1
15,210	1060.5	449.9	101.299	0.2023	150000.0	1
15,211	1060.55	449.9	101.303	0.1785	150000.0	1
15,212	1060.6	449.9	101.307	0.1561	150000.0	1
15,213	1060.65	449.9	101.311	0.1352	150000.0	1
15,214	1060.7	449.9	101.315	0.1158	150000.0	1
15,215	1060.75	449.9	101.319	0.0978	150000.0	1
15,216	1060.8	449.9	101.323	0.0813	150000.0	1
15,217	1060.85	449.9	101.327	0.0662	150000.0	1
15,218	1060.9	449.9	101.331	0.0526	150000.0	1
15,219	1060.95	449.9	101.335	0.0405	150000.0	1
15,220	1061.0	449.89	101.333	0.2599	150000.0	1
15,221	1061.05	449.89	101.337	0.2328	150000.0	1
15,222	1061.1	449.89	101.341	0.2072	150000.0	1
15,223	1061.15	449.89	101.345	0.1831	150000.0	1
15,224	1061.2	449.89	101.349	0.1605	150000.0	1
15,225	1061.25	449.89	101.353	0.1393	150000.0	1
15,226	1061.3	449.89	101.357	0.1195	150000.0	1
15,227	1061.35	449.89	101.361	0.1012	150000.0	1
15,228	1061.4	449.89	101.365	0.0844	150000.0	1
15,229	1061.45	449.89	101.369	0.0691	150000.0	1
15,230	1061.5	449.89	101.374	0.0552	150000.0	1
15,231	1061.55	449.89	101.378	0.0428	150000.0	1
15,232	1061.6	449.89	101.375	0.2655	150000.0	1
15,233	1061.65	449.89	101.379	0.2381	150000.0	1
15,234	1061.7	449.89	101.383	0.2123	150000.0	1
15,235	1061.75	449.89	101.387	0.1879	150000.0	1
15,236	1061.8	449.89	101.391	0.1649	150000.0	1
15,237	1061.85	449.89	101.395	0.1434	150000.0	1
15,238	1061.9	449.89	101.399	0.1234	150000.0	1
15,239	1061.95	449.89	101.403	0.1048	150000.0	1
15,240	1062.0	449.89	101.407	0.0877	150000.0	1
15,241	1062.05	449.89	101.412	0.0721	150000.0	1
15,242	1062.1	449.89	101.416	0.0579	150000.0	1
15,243	1062.15	449.89	101.42	0.0452	150000.0	1
15,244	1062.2	449.88	101.417	0.2712	150000.0	1
15,245	1062.25	449.88	101.421	0.2435	150000.0	1
15,246	1062.3	449.88	101.425	0.2174	150000.0	1
15,247	1062.35	449.88	101.429	0.1927	150000.0	1
15,248	1062.4	449.88	101.433	0.1694	150000.0	1
15,249	1062.45	449.88	101.437	0.1476	150000.0	1
15,250	1062.5	449.88	101.441	0.1273	150000.0	1
15,251	1062.55	449.88	101.445	0.1084	150000.0	1
15,252	1062.6	449.88	101.449	0.091	150000.0	1
15,253	1062.65	449.88	101.454	0.0751	150000.0	1
15,254	1062.7	449.88	101.458	0.0606	150000.0	1
15,255	1062.75	449.88	101.462	0.0476	150000.0	1
15,256	1062.8	449.87	101.459	0.2769	150000.0	1
15,257	1062.85	449.87	101.463	0.249	150000.0	1
15,258	1062.9	449.87	101.467	0.2225	150000.0	1
15,259	1062.95	449.87	101.471	0.1975	150000.0	1
15,260	1063.0	449.87	101.475	0.174	150000.0	1
15,261	1063.05	449.87	101.479	0.1519	150000.0	1
15,262	1063.1	449.87	101.483	0.1313	150000.0	1
15,263	1063.15	449.87	101.487	0.1121	150000.0	1
15,264	1063.2	449.87	101.491	0.0944	150000.0	1
15,265	1063.25	449.87	101.495	0.0782	150000.0	1
15,266	1063.3	449.87	101.499	0.0634	150000.0	1
15,267	1063.35	449.87	101.504	0.0502	150000.0	1
15,268	1063.4	449.87	101.501	0.2827	150000.0	1
15,269	1063.45	449.87	101.505	0.2545	150000.0	1
15,270	1063.5	449.87	101.509	0.2278	150000.0	1
15,271	1063.55	449.87	101.513	0.2025	150000.0	1
15,272	1063.6	449.87	101.517	0.1786	150000.0	1
15,273	1063.65	449.87	101.521	0.1563	150000.0	1
15,274	1063.7	449.87	101.525	0.1353	150000.0	1
15,275	1063.75	449.87	101.529	0.1159	150000.0	1
15,276	1063.8	449.87	101.533	0.0979	150000.0	1
15,277	1063.85	449.87	101.537	0.0814	150000.0	1
15,278	1063.9	449.87	101.541	0.0663	150000.0	1
15,279	1063.95	449.87	101.545	0.0527	150000.0	1
15,280	1064.0	449.86	101.542	0.2886	150000.0	1
15,281	1064.05	449.86	101.546	0.2601	150000.0	1
15,282	1064.1	449.86	101.55	0.233	150000.0	1
15,283	1064.15	449.86	101.554	0.2074	150000.0	1
15,284	1064.2	449.86	101.559	0.1833	150000.0	1
15,285	1064.25	449.86	101.563	0.1606	150000.0	1
15,286	1064.3	449.86	101.567	0.1394	150000.0	1
15,287	1064.35	449.86	101.571	0.1197	150000.0	1
15,288	1064.4	449.86	101.575	0.1014	150000.0	1
15,289	1064.45	449.86	101.579	0.0846	150000.0	1
15,290	1064.5	449.86	101.583	0.0692	150000.0	1
15,291	1064.55	449.86	101.587	0.0553	150000.0	1
15,292	1064.6	449.85	101.584	0.2945	150000.0	1
15,293	1064.65	449.85	101.588	0.2657	150000.0	1
15,294	1064.7	449.85	101.592	0.2384	150000.0	1
15,295	1064.75	449.85	101.596	0.2125	150000.0	1
15,296	1064.8	449.85	101.6	0.188	150000.0	1
15,297	1064.85	449.85	101.604	0.1651	150000.0	1
15,298	1064.9	449.85	101.608	0.1436	150000.0	1
15,299	1064.95	449.85	101.612	0.1235	150000.0	1
15,300	1065.0	449.85	101.616	0.105	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →