Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

15,101–15,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
15,101	1055.05	449.96	100.916	0.044	150000.0	1
15,102	1055.1	449.96	100.92	0.033	150000.0	1
15,103	1055.15	449.96	100.918	0.2177	150000.0	1
15,104	1055.2	449.96	100.922	0.1931	150000.0	1
15,105	1055.25	449.96	100.927	0.17	150000.0	1
15,106	1055.3	449.96	100.931	0.1483	150000.0	1
15,107	1055.35	449.96	100.935	0.128	150000.0	1
15,108	1055.4	449.96	100.939	0.1092	150000.0	1
15,109	1055.45	449.96	100.943	0.0918	150000.0	1
15,110	1055.5	449.96	100.947	0.0758	150000.0	1
15,111	1055.55	449.96	100.951	0.0613	150000.0	1
15,112	1055.6	449.96	100.955	0.0483	150000.0	1
15,113	1055.65	449.96	100.959	0.0367	150000.0	1
15,114	1055.7	449.96	100.963	0.0266	150000.0	1
15,115	1055.75	449.95	100.962	0.216	150000.0	1
15,116	1055.8	449.95	100.966	0.1914	150000.0	1
15,117	1055.85	449.95	100.97	0.1682	150000.0	1
15,118	1055.9	449.95	100.974	0.1465	150000.0	1
15,119	1055.95	449.95	100.978	0.1262	150000.0	1
15,120	1056.0	449.95	100.982	0.1074	150000.0	1
15,121	1056.05	449.95	100.986	0.0901	150000.0	1
15,122	1056.1	449.95	100.99	0.0742	150000.0	1
15,123	1056.15	449.95	100.994	0.0598	150000.0	1
15,124	1056.2	449.95	100.998	0.0468	150000.0	1
15,125	1056.25	449.95	101.002	0.0354	150000.0	1
15,126	1056.3	449.95	101.0	0.2267	150000.0	1
15,127	1056.35	449.95	101.005	0.2014	150000.0	1
15,128	1056.4	449.95	101.009	0.1775	150000.0	1
15,129	1056.45	449.95	101.013	0.1551	150000.0	1
15,130	1056.5	449.95	101.017	0.1341	150000.0	1
15,131	1056.55	449.95	101.021	0.1147	150000.0	1
15,132	1056.6	449.95	101.025	0.0966	150000.0	1
15,133	1056.65	449.95	101.029	0.0801	150000.0	1
15,134	1056.7	449.95	101.033	0.0651	150000.0	1
15,135	1056.75	449.95	101.037	0.0515	150000.0	1
15,136	1056.8	449.95	101.041	0.0394	150000.0	1
15,137	1056.85	449.95	101.045	0.0289	150000.0	1
15,138	1056.9	449.94	101.043	0.2248	150000.0	1
15,139	1056.95	449.94	101.047	0.1995	150000.0	1
15,140	1057.0	449.94	101.052	0.1757	150000.0	1
15,141	1057.05	449.94	101.056	0.1533	150000.0	1
15,142	1057.1	449.94	101.06	0.1324	150000.0	1
15,143	1057.15	449.94	101.064	0.1129	150000.0	1
15,144	1057.2	449.94	101.068	0.095	150000.0	1
15,145	1057.25	449.94	101.072	0.0785	150000.0	1
15,146	1057.3	449.94	101.076	0.0636	150000.0	1
15,147	1057.35	449.94	101.08	0.0501	150000.0	1
15,148	1057.4	449.94	101.084	0.0382	150000.0	1
15,149	1057.45	449.93	101.082	0.2361	150000.0	1
15,150	1057.5	449.93	101.086	0.21	150000.0	1
15,151	1057.55	449.93	101.09	0.1855	150000.0	1
15,152	1057.6	449.93	101.094	0.1624	150000.0	1
15,153	1057.65	449.93	101.098	0.1408	150000.0	1
15,154	1057.7	449.93	101.102	0.1207	150000.0	1
15,155	1057.75	449.93	101.107	0.1021	150000.0	1
15,156	1057.8	449.93	101.111	0.085	150000.0	1
15,157	1057.85	449.93	101.115	0.0693	150000.0	1
15,158	1057.9	449.93	101.119	0.0552	150000.0	1
15,159	1057.95	449.93	101.123	0.0426	150000.0	1
15,160	1058.0	449.93	101.127	0.0316	150000.0	1
15,161	1058.05	449.93	101.125	0.2341	150000.0	1
15,162	1058.1	449.93	101.129	0.2081	150000.0	1
15,163	1058.15	449.93	101.133	0.1836	150000.0	1
15,164	1058.2	449.93	101.137	0.1606	150000.0	1
15,165	1058.25	449.93	101.141	0.139	150000.0	1
15,166	1058.3	449.93	101.145	0.119	150000.0	1
15,167	1058.35	449.93	101.149	0.1005	150000.0	1
15,168	1058.4	449.93	101.153	0.0834	150000.0	1
15,169	1058.45	449.93	101.157	0.0679	150000.0	1
15,170	1058.5	449.93	101.161	0.0539	150000.0	1
15,171	1058.55	449.93	101.166	0.0414	150000.0	1
15,172	1058.6	449.92	101.163	0.2459	150000.0	1
15,173	1058.65	449.92	101.167	0.2191	150000.0	1
15,174	1058.7	449.92	101.172	0.1939	150000.0	1
15,175	1058.75	449.92	101.176	0.1702	150000.0	1
15,176	1058.8	449.92	101.18	0.148	150000.0	1
15,177	1058.85	449.92	101.184	0.1273	150000.0	1
15,178	1058.9	449.92	101.188	0.108	150000.0	1
15,179	1058.95	449.92	101.192	0.0903	150000.0	1
15,180	1059.0	449.92	101.196	0.0742	150000.0	1
15,181	1059.05	449.92	101.2	0.0598	150000.0	1
15,182	1059.1	449.92	101.204	0.0469	150000.0	1
15,183	1059.15	449.92	101.208	0.0355	150000.0	1
15,184	1059.2	449.91	101.206	0.2446	150000.0	1
15,185	1059.25	449.91	101.21	0.2184	150000.0	1
15,186	1059.3	449.91	101.214	0.1936	150000.0	1
15,187	1059.35	449.91	101.218	0.1703	150000.0	1
15,188	1059.4	449.91	101.222	0.1484	150000.0	1
15,189	1059.45	449.91	101.226	0.1281	150000.0	1
15,190	1059.5	449.91	101.23	0.1091	150000.0	1
15,191	1059.55	449.91	101.234	0.0917	150000.0	1
15,192	1059.6	449.91	101.238	0.0757	150000.0	1
15,193	1059.65	449.91	101.243	0.0612	150000.0	1
15,194	1059.7	449.91	101.247	0.0481	150000.0	1
15,195	1059.75	449.91	101.251	0.0365	150000.0	1
15,196	1059.8	449.91	101.248	0.2491	150000.0	1
15,197	1059.85	449.91	101.252	0.2226	150000.0	1
15,198	1059.9	449.91	101.256	0.1976	150000.0	1
15,199	1059.95	449.91	101.261	0.1741	150000.0	1
15,200	1060.0	449.91	101.265	0.152	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →