Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

14,901–15,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
14,901	1045.05	450.04	100.177	0.0093	150000.0	1	1
14,902	1045.1	450.04	100.181	0.0056	150000.0	1	1
14,903	1045.15	450.04	100.181	0.1332	150000.0	1	1
14,904	1045.2	450.04	100.186	0.1188	150000.0	1	1
14,905	1045.25	450.04	100.19	0.1053	150000.0	1	1
14,906	1045.3	450.04	100.194	0.0925	150000.0	1	1
14,907	1045.35	450.04	100.198	0.0805	150000.0	1	1
14,908	1045.4	450.04	100.202	0.0694	150000.0	1	1
14,909	1045.45	450.04	100.206	0.059	150000.0	1	1
14,910	1045.5	450.04	100.21	0.0494	150000.0	1	1
14,911	1045.55	450.04	100.214	0.0407	150000.0	1	1
14,912	1045.6	450.04	100.218	0.0327	150000.0	1	1
14,913	1045.65	450.04	100.222	0.0256	150000.0	1	1
14,914	1045.7	450.04	100.226	0.0193	150000.0	1	1
14,915	1045.75	450.04	100.23	0.0139	150000.0	1	1
14,916	1045.8	450.04	100.234	0.0092	150000.0	1	1
14,917	1045.85	450.04	100.238	0.0055	150000.0	1	1
14,918	1045.9	450.03	100.239	0.1379	150000.0	1	1
14,919	1045.95	450.03	100.243	0.1228	150000.0	1	1
14,920	1046.0	450.03	100.247	0.1085	150000.0	1	1
14,921	1046.05	450.03	100.251	0.0951	150000.0	1	1
14,922	1046.1	450.03	100.255	0.0826	150000.0	1	1
14,923	1046.15	450.03	100.259	0.0709	150000.0	1	1
14,924	1046.2	450.03	100.263	0.0601	150000.0	1	1
14,925	1046.25	450.03	100.267	0.0501	150000.0	1	1
14,926	1046.3	450.03	100.271	0.041	150000.0	1	1
14,927	1046.35	450.03	100.275	0.0327	150000.0	1	1
14,928	1046.4	450.03	100.279	0.0254	150000.0	1	1
14,929	1046.45	450.03	100.283	0.0189	150000.0	1	1
14,930	1046.5	450.03	100.287	0.0133	150000.0	1	1
14,931	1046.55	450.03	100.291	0.0086	150000.0	1	1
14,932	1046.6	450.03	100.291	0.1448	150000.0	1	1
14,933	1046.65	450.03	100.296	0.1288	150000.0	1	1
14,934	1046.7	450.03	100.3	0.1137	150000.0	1	1
14,935	1046.75	450.03	100.304	0.0996	150000.0	1	1
14,936	1046.8	450.03	100.308	0.0863	150000.0	1	1
14,937	1046.85	450.03	100.312	0.074	150000.0	1	1
14,938	1046.9	450.03	100.316	0.0626	150000.0	1	1
14,939	1046.95	450.03	100.32	0.0521	150000.0	1	1
14,940	1047.0	450.03	100.324	0.0425	150000.0	1	1
14,941	1047.05	450.03	100.328	0.0338	150000.0	1	1
14,942	1047.1	450.03	100.332	0.0261	150000.0	1	1
14,943	1047.15	450.03	100.336	0.0193	150000.0	1	1
14,944	1047.2	450.03	100.34	0.0135	150000.0	1	1
14,945	1047.25	450.03	100.344	0.0086	150000.0	1	1
14,946	1047.3	450.02	100.344	0.1492	150000.0	1	1
14,947	1047.35	450.02	100.348	0.1325	150000.0	1	1
14,948	1047.4	450.02	100.352	0.1168	150000.0	1	1
14,949	1047.45	450.02	100.356	0.102	150000.0	1	1
14,950	1047.5	450.02	100.361	0.0882	150000.0	1	1
14,951	1047.55	450.02	100.365	0.0754	150000.0	1	1
14,952	1047.6	450.02	100.369	0.0635	150000.0	1	1
14,953	1047.65	450.02	100.373	0.0526	150000.0	1	1
14,954	1047.7	450.02	100.377	0.0427	150000.0	1	1
14,955	1047.75	450.02	100.381	0.0338	150000.0	1	1
14,956	1047.8	450.02	100.385	0.0259	150000.0	1	1
14,957	1047.85	450.02	100.389	0.0189	150000.0	1	1
14,958	1047.9	450.02	100.393	0.013	150000.0	1	1
14,959	1047.95	450.02	100.393	0.1567	150000.0	1	1
14,960	1048.0	450.02	100.397	0.1392	150000.0	1	1
14,961	1048.05	450.02	100.401	0.1226	150000.0	1	1
14,962	1048.1	450.02	100.405	0.1071	150000.0	1	1
14,963	1048.15	450.02	100.409	0.0925	150000.0	1	1
14,964	1048.2	450.02	100.413	0.079	150000.0	1	1
14,965	1048.25	450.02	100.417	0.0666	150000.0	1	1
14,966	1048.3	450.02	100.421	0.0551	150000.0	1	1
14,967	1048.35	450.02	100.425	0.0447	150000.0	1	1
14,968	1048.4	450.02	100.429	0.0353	150000.0	1	1
14,969	1048.45	450.02	100.434	0.027	150000.0	1	1
14,970	1048.5	450.02	100.438	0.0197	150000.0	1	1
14,971	1048.55	450.02	100.442	0.0135	150000.0	1	1
14,972	1048.6	450.02	100.441	0.1612	150000.0	1	1
14,973	1048.65	450.02	100.445	0.1429	150000.0	1	1
14,974	1048.7	450.02	100.449	0.1257	150000.0	1	1
14,975	1048.75	450.02	100.454	0.1096	150000.0	1	1
14,976	1048.8	450.02	100.458	0.0946	150000.0	1	1
14,977	1048.85	450.02	100.462	0.0806	150000.0	1	1
14,978	1048.9	450.02	100.466	0.0677	150000.0	1	1
14,979	1048.95	450.02	100.47	0.0558	150000.0	1	1
14,980	1049.0	450.02	100.474	0.0451	150000.0	1	1
14,981	1049.05	450.02	100.478	0.0354	150000.0	1	1
14,982	1049.1	450.02	100.482	0.0269	150000.0	1	1
14,983	1049.15	450.02	100.486	0.0194	150000.0	1	1
14,984	1049.2	450.02	100.49	0.0131	150000.0	1	1
14,985	1049.25	450.01	100.49	0.165	150000.0	1	1
14,986	1049.3	450.01	100.494	0.1461	150000.0	1	1
14,987	1049.35	450.01	100.498	0.1283	150000.0	1	1
14,988	1049.4	450.01	100.502	0.1116	150000.0	1	1
14,989	1049.45	450.01	100.506	0.0961	150000.0	1	1
14,990	1049.5	450.01	100.51	0.0817	150000.0	1	1
14,991	1049.55	450.01	100.514	0.0684	150000.0	1	1
14,992	1049.6	450.01	100.518	0.0562	150000.0	1	1
14,993	1049.65	450.01	100.522	0.0452	150000.0	1	1
14,994	1049.7	450.01	100.526	0.0353	150000.0	1	1
14,995	1049.75	450.01	100.53	0.0266	150000.0	1	1
14,996	1049.8	450.01	100.534	0.019	150000.0	1	1
14,997	1049.85	450.01	100.534	0.1735	150000.0	1	1
14,998	1049.9	450.01	100.538	0.1537	150000.0	1	1
14,999	1049.95	450.01	100.542	0.1351	150000.0	1	1
15,000	1050.0	450.01	100.546	0.1177	150000.0	1	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →