Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

15,001–15,100 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
15,001	1050.05	450.01	100.55	0.1014	150000.0	1	1
15,002	1050.1	450.01	100.554	0.0863	150000.0	1	1
15,003	1050.15	450.01	100.558	0.0724	150000.0	1	1
15,004	1050.2	450.01	100.562	0.0596	150000.0	1	1
15,005	1050.25	450.01	100.566	0.048	150000.0	1	1
15,006	1050.3	450.01	100.57	0.0376	150000.0	1	1
15,007	1050.35	450.01	100.575	0.0284	150000.0	1	1
15,008	1050.4	450.01	100.579	0.0204	150000.0	1	1
15,009	1050.45	450.0	100.578	0.1783	150000.0	1	1
15,010	1050.5	450.0	100.582	0.1579	150000.0	1	1
15,011	1050.55	450.0	100.586	0.1387	150000.0	1	1
15,012	1050.6	450.0	100.59	0.1207	150000.0	1	1
15,013	1050.65	450.0	100.594	0.104	150000.0	1	1
15,014	1050.7	450.0	100.598	0.0884	150000.0	1	1
15,015	1050.75	450.0	100.602	0.074	150000.0	1	1
15,016	1050.8	450.0	100.606	0.0609	150000.0	1	1
15,017	1050.85	450.0	100.61	0.049	150000.0	1	1
15,018	1050.9	450.0	100.615	0.0383	150000.0	1	1
15,019	1050.95	450.0	100.619	0.0288	150000.0	1	1
15,020	1051.0	450.0	100.623	0.0206	150000.0	1	1
15,021	1051.05	450.0	100.622	0.1822	150000.0	0	1
15,022	1051.1	450.0	100.626	0.1612	150000.0	0	1
15,023	1051.15	450.0	100.63	0.1415	150000.0	0	1
15,024	1051.2	450.0	100.634	0.1231	150000.0	0	1
15,025	1051.25	450.0	100.638	0.1058	150000.0	0	1
15,026	1051.3	450.0	100.642	0.0899	150000.0	0	1
15,027	1051.35	450.0	100.646	0.0751	150000.0	0	1
15,028	1051.4	450.0	100.65	0.0617	150000.0	0	1
15,029	1051.45	450.0	100.654	0.0495	150000.0	0	1
15,030	1051.5	450.0	100.658	0.0386	150000.0	0	1
15,031	1051.55	450.0	100.663	0.0289	150000.0	0	1
15,032	1051.6	450.0	100.667	0.0206	150000.0	0	1
15,033	1051.65	449.99	100.666	0.1859	150000.0	0	1
15,034	1051.7	449.99	100.67	0.1644	150000.0	0	1
15,035	1051.75	449.99	100.674	0.1442	150000.0	0	1
15,036	1051.8	449.99	100.678	0.1253	150000.0	0	1
15,037	1051.85	449.99	100.682	0.1077	150000.0	0	1
15,038	1051.9	449.99	100.686	0.0913	150000.0	0	1
15,039	1051.95	449.99	100.69	0.0763	150000.0	0	1
15,040	1052.0	449.99	100.694	0.0625	150000.0	0	1
15,041	1052.05	449.99	100.698	0.0501	150000.0	0	1
15,042	1052.1	449.99	100.702	0.0389	150000.0	0	1
15,043	1052.15	449.99	100.706	0.0291	150000.0	0	1
15,044	1052.2	449.99	100.71	0.0206	150000.0	0	1
15,045	1052.25	449.99	100.709	0.1896	150000.0	0	1
15,046	1052.3	449.99	100.714	0.1676	150000.0	0	1
15,047	1052.35	449.99	100.718	0.1469	150000.0	0	1
15,048	1052.4	449.99	100.722	0.1276	150000.0	0	1
15,049	1052.45	449.99	100.726	0.1096	150000.0	0	1
15,050	1052.5	449.99	100.73	0.0929	150000.0	0	1
15,051	1052.55	449.99	100.734	0.0775	150000.0	0	1
15,052	1052.6	449.99	100.738	0.0635	150000.0	0	1
15,053	1052.65	449.99	100.742	0.0508	150000.0	0	1
15,054	1052.7	449.99	100.746	0.0394	150000.0	0	1
15,055	1052.75	449.99	100.75	0.0294	150000.0	0	1
15,056	1052.8	449.99	100.754	0.0208	150000.0	0	1
15,057	1052.85	449.98	100.753	0.1934	150000.0	0	1
15,058	1052.9	449.98	100.757	0.1709	150000.0	0	1
15,059	1052.95	449.98	100.761	0.1499	150000.0	0	1
15,060	1053.0	449.98	100.765	0.1301	150000.0	0	1
15,061	1053.05	449.98	100.769	0.1117	150000.0	0	1
15,062	1053.1	449.98	100.773	0.0947	150000.0	0	1
15,063	1053.15	449.98	100.777	0.079	150000.0	0	1
15,064	1053.2	449.98	100.782	0.0646	150000.0	0	1
15,065	1053.25	449.98	100.786	0.0517	150000.0	0	1
15,066	1053.3	449.98	100.79	0.0401	150000.0	0	1
15,067	1053.35	449.98	100.794	0.0299	150000.0	0	1
15,068	1053.4	449.98	100.798	0.0211	150000.0	0	1
15,069	1053.45	449.97	100.797	0.1973	150000.0	0	1
15,070	1053.5	449.97	100.801	0.1744	150000.0	0	1
15,071	1053.55	449.97	100.805	0.1529	150000.0	0	1
15,072	1053.6	449.97	100.809	0.1328	150000.0	0	1
15,073	1053.65	449.97	100.813	0.114	150000.0	0	1
15,074	1053.7	449.97	100.817	0.0966	150000.0	0	1
15,075	1053.75	449.97	100.821	0.0806	150000.0	0	1
15,076	1053.8	449.97	100.825	0.066	150000.0	0	1
15,077	1053.85	449.97	100.829	0.0528	150000.0	0	1
15,078	1053.9	449.97	100.833	0.0409	150000.0	0	1
15,079	1053.95	449.97	100.837	0.0305	150000.0	0	1
15,080	1054.0	449.97	100.836	0.2086	150000.0	0	1
15,081	1054.05	449.97	100.84	0.1848	150000.0	0	1
15,082	1054.1	449.97	100.844	0.1625	150000.0	0	1
15,083	1054.15	449.97	100.848	0.1416	150000.0	0	1
15,084	1054.2	449.97	100.852	0.122	150000.0	0	1
15,085	1054.25	449.97	100.856	0.1039	150000.0	0	1
15,086	1054.3	449.97	100.86	0.0871	150000.0	0	1
15,087	1054.35	449.97	100.864	0.0718	150000.0	0	1
15,088	1054.4	449.97	100.869	0.0579	150000.0	0	1
15,089	1054.45	449.97	100.873	0.0454	150000.0	0	1
15,090	1054.5	449.97	100.877	0.0343	150000.0	0	1
15,091	1054.55	449.97	100.881	0.0247	150000.0	0	1
15,092	1054.6	449.96	100.879	0.2074	150000.0	0	1
15,093	1054.65	449.96	100.883	0.1835	150000.0	0	1
15,094	1054.7	449.96	100.887	0.1611	150000.0	0	1
15,095	1054.75	449.96	100.891	0.1401	150000.0	0	1
15,096	1054.8	449.96	100.896	0.1205	150000.0	0	1
15,097	1054.85	449.96	100.9	0.1024	150000.0	0	1
15,098	1054.9	449.96	100.904	0.0856	150000.0	0	1
15,099	1054.95	449.96	100.908	0.0703	150000.0	0	1
15,100	1055.0	449.96	100.912	0.0564	150000.0	0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →