Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

14,801–14,900 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
14,801	1040.05	450.05	99.781	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,802	1040.1	450.05	99.785	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,803	1040.15	450.05	99.789	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,804	1040.2	450.05	99.793	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,805	1040.25	450.05	99.797	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,806	1040.3	450.05	99.801	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,807	1040.35	450.05	99.805	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,808	1040.4	450.05	99.809	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,809	1040.45	450.05	99.813	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,810	1040.5	450.05	99.817	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,811	1040.55	450.05	99.821	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,812	1040.6	450.05	99.825	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,813	1040.65	450.05	99.83	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,814	1040.7	450.05	99.834	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,815	1040.75	450.05	99.838	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,816	1040.8	450.05	99.842	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,817	1040.85	450.05	99.846	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,818	1040.9	450.05	99.85	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,819	1040.95	450.05	99.854	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,820	1041.0	450.05	99.858	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,821	1041.05	450.05	99.862	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,822	1041.1	450.05	99.866	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,823	1041.15	450.05	99.87	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,824	1041.2	450.05	99.874	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,825	1041.25	450.05	99.878	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,826	1041.3	450.05	99.882	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,827	1041.35	450.05	99.887	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,828	1041.4	450.05	99.891	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,829	1041.45	450.05	99.895	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,830	1041.5	450.05	99.899	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,831	1041.55	450.05	99.903	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,832	1041.6	450.05	99.907	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,833	1041.65	450.05	99.911	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,834	1041.7	450.05	99.915	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,835	1041.75	450.05	99.919	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,836	1041.8	450.05	99.923	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,837	1041.85	450.05	99.927	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,838	1041.9	450.05	99.931	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,839	1041.95	450.05	99.935	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,840	1042.0	450.05	99.939	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,841	1042.05	450.05	99.943	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,842	1042.1	450.05	99.948	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,843	1042.15	450.05	99.952	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,844	1042.2	450.05	99.956	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,845	1042.25	450.05	99.96	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,846	1042.3	450.05	99.964	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,847	1042.35	450.05	99.968	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,848	1042.4	450.05	99.972	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,849	1042.45	450.05	99.976	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,850	1042.5	450.05	99.98	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,851	1042.55	450.05	99.984	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,852	1042.6	450.05	99.988	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,853	1042.65	450.05	99.992	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,854	1042.7	450.05	99.996	0.0	150000.0	1	1
14,855	1042.75	450.05	99.997	0.1145	150000.0	1	1
14,856	1042.8	450.05	100.001	0.1026	150000.0	1	1
14,857	1042.85	450.05	100.005	0.0913	150000.0	1	1
14,858	1042.9	450.05	100.009	0.0807	150000.0	1	1
14,859	1042.95	450.05	100.013	0.0706	150000.0	1	1
14,860	1043.0	450.05	100.017	0.0613	150000.0	1	1
14,861	1043.05	450.05	100.022	0.0525	150000.0	1	1
14,862	1043.1	450.05	100.026	0.0445	150000.0	1	1
14,863	1043.15	450.05	100.03	0.037	150000.0	1	1
14,864	1043.2	450.05	100.034	0.0302	150000.0	1	1
14,865	1043.25	450.05	100.038	0.0241	150000.0	1	1
14,866	1043.3	450.05	100.042	0.0186	150000.0	1	1
14,867	1043.35	450.05	100.046	0.0138	150000.0	1	1
14,868	1043.4	450.05	100.05	0.0097	150000.0	1	1
14,869	1043.45	450.05	100.054	0.0062	150000.0	1	1
14,870	1043.5	450.05	100.058	0.0035	150000.0	1	1
14,871	1043.55	450.05	100.062	0.0014	150000.0	1	1
14,872	1043.6	450.04	100.063	0.1203	150000.0	1	1
14,873	1043.65	450.04	100.067	0.1076	150000.0	1	1
14,874	1043.7	450.04	100.071	0.0956	150000.0	1	1
14,875	1043.75	450.04	100.075	0.0842	150000.0	1	1
14,876	1043.8	450.04	100.079	0.0736	150000.0	1	1
14,877	1043.85	450.04	100.083	0.0637	150000.0	1	1
14,878	1043.9	450.04	100.087	0.0544	150000.0	1	1
14,879	1043.95	450.04	100.091	0.0459	150000.0	1	1
14,880	1044.0	450.04	100.095	0.038	150000.0	1	1
14,881	1044.05	450.04	100.099	0.0309	150000.0	1	1
14,882	1044.1	450.04	100.103	0.0245	150000.0	1	1
14,883	1044.15	450.04	100.108	0.0187	150000.0	1	1
14,884	1044.2	450.04	100.112	0.0137	150000.0	1	1
14,885	1044.25	450.04	100.116	0.0094	150000.0	1	1
14,886	1044.3	450.04	100.12	0.0059	150000.0	1	1
14,887	1044.35	450.04	100.124	0.0031	150000.0	1	1
14,888	1044.4	450.04	100.124	0.1265	150000.0	1	1
14,889	1044.45	450.04	100.128	0.113	150000.0	1	1
14,890	1044.5	450.04	100.132	0.1002	150000.0	1	1
14,891	1044.55	450.04	100.136	0.0882	150000.0	1	1
14,892	1044.6	450.04	100.141	0.0769	150000.0	1	1
14,893	1044.65	450.04	100.145	0.0664	150000.0	1	1
14,894	1044.7	450.04	100.149	0.0566	150000.0	1	1
14,895	1044.75	450.04	100.153	0.0475	150000.0	1	1
14,896	1044.8	450.04	100.157	0.0393	150000.0	1	1
14,897	1044.85	450.04	100.161	0.0317	150000.0	1	1
14,898	1044.9	450.04	100.165	0.025	150000.0	1	1
14,899	1044.95	450.04	100.169	0.019	150000.0	1	1
14,900	1045.0	450.04	100.173	0.0137	150000.0	1	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →