Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

15,301–15,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
15,301	1065.05	449.85	101.62	0.0878	150000.0	1
15,302	1065.1	449.85	101.625	0.0722	150000.0	1
15,303	1065.15	449.85	101.629	0.058	150000.0	1
15,304	1065.2	449.84	101.625	0.3004	150000.0	1
15,305	1065.25	449.84	101.629	0.2714	150000.0	1
15,306	1065.3	449.84	101.633	0.2437	150000.0	1
15,307	1065.35	449.84	101.638	0.2175	150000.0	1
15,308	1065.4	449.84	101.642	0.1928	150000.0	1
15,309	1065.45	449.84	101.646	0.1696	150000.0	1
15,310	1065.5	449.84	101.65	0.1478	150000.0	1
15,311	1065.55	449.84	101.654	0.1274	150000.0	1
15,312	1065.6	449.84	101.658	0.1086	150000.0	1
15,313	1065.65	449.84	101.662	0.0912	150000.0	1
15,314	1065.7	449.84	101.666	0.0752	150000.0	1
15,315	1065.75	449.84	101.67	0.0607	150000.0	1
15,316	1065.8	449.84	101.667	0.3064	150000.0	1
15,317	1065.85	449.84	101.671	0.2771	150000.0	1
15,318	1065.9	449.84	101.675	0.2491	150000.0	1
15,319	1065.95	449.84	101.679	0.2227	150000.0	1
15,320	1066.0	449.84	101.683	0.1977	150000.0	1
15,321	1066.05	449.84	101.687	0.1741	150000.0	1
15,322	1066.1	449.84	101.691	0.152	150000.0	1
15,323	1066.15	449.84	101.695	0.1314	150000.0	1
15,324	1066.2	449.84	101.699	0.1122	150000.0	1
15,325	1066.25	449.84	101.703	0.0945	150000.0	1
15,326	1066.3	449.84	101.707	0.0783	150000.0	1
15,327	1066.35	449.84	101.711	0.0635	150000.0	1
15,328	1066.4	449.83	101.708	0.3125	150000.0	1
15,329	1066.45	449.83	101.712	0.2828	150000.0	1
15,330	1066.5	449.83	101.716	0.2546	150000.0	1
15,331	1066.55	449.83	101.72	0.2278	150000.0	1
15,332	1066.6	449.83	101.724	0.2025	150000.0	1
15,333	1066.65	449.83	101.728	0.1787	150000.0	1
15,334	1066.7	449.83	101.732	0.1563	150000.0	1
15,335	1066.75	449.83	101.736	0.1354	150000.0	1
15,336	1066.8	449.83	101.741	0.116	150000.0	1
15,337	1066.85	449.83	101.745	0.098	150000.0	1
15,338	1066.9	449.83	101.749	0.0814	150000.0	1
15,339	1066.95	449.83	101.753	0.0664	150000.0	1
15,340	1067.0	449.83	101.757	0.0528	150000.0	1
15,341	1067.05	449.82	101.753	0.3068	150000.0	1
15,342	1067.1	449.82	101.757	0.2774	150000.0	1
15,343	1067.15	449.82	101.761	0.2495	150000.0	1
15,344	1067.2	449.82	101.765	0.223	150000.0	1
15,345	1067.25	449.82	101.77	0.198	150000.0	1
15,346	1067.3	449.82	101.774	0.1744	150000.0	1
15,347	1067.35	449.82	101.778	0.1523	150000.0	1
15,348	1067.4	449.82	101.782	0.1317	150000.0	1
15,349	1067.45	449.82	101.786	0.1125	150000.0	1
15,350	1067.5	449.82	101.79	0.0948	150000.0	1
15,351	1067.55	449.82	101.794	0.0785	150000.0	1
15,352	1067.6	449.82	101.798	0.0637	150000.0	1
15,353	1067.65	449.81	101.794	0.3201	150000.0	1
15,354	1067.7	449.81	101.798	0.29	150000.0	1
15,355	1067.75	449.81	101.802	0.2615	150000.0	1
15,356	1067.8	449.81	101.806	0.2343	150000.0	1
15,357	1067.85	449.81	101.811	0.2087	150000.0	1
15,358	1067.9	449.81	101.815	0.1845	150000.0	1
15,359	1067.95	449.81	101.819	0.1618	150000.0	1
15,360	1068.0	449.81	101.823	0.1405	150000.0	1
15,361	1068.05	449.81	101.827	0.1207	150000.0	1
15,362	1068.1	449.81	101.831	0.1023	150000.0	1
15,363	1068.15	449.81	101.835	0.0854	150000.0	1
15,364	1068.2	449.81	101.839	0.07	150000.0	1
15,365	1068.25	449.81	101.843	0.056	150000.0	1
15,366	1068.3	449.8	101.839	0.3171	150000.0	1
15,367	1068.35	449.8	101.843	0.2872	150000.0	1
15,368	1068.4	449.8	101.847	0.2588	150000.0	1
15,369	1068.45	449.8	101.852	0.2318	150000.0	1
15,370	1068.5	449.8	101.856	0.2063	150000.0	1
15,371	1068.55	449.8	101.86	0.1822	150000.0	1
15,372	1068.6	449.8	101.864	0.1596	150000.0	1
15,373	1068.65	449.8	101.868	0.1385	150000.0	1
15,374	1068.7	449.8	101.872	0.1188	150000.0	1
15,375	1068.75	449.8	101.876	0.1006	150000.0	1
15,376	1068.8	449.8	101.88	0.0839	150000.0	1
15,377	1068.85	449.8	101.884	0.0686	150000.0	1
15,378	1068.9	449.8	101.88	0.3318	150000.0	1
15,379	1068.95	449.8	101.884	0.3012	150000.0	1
15,380	1069.0	449.8	101.888	0.2721	150000.0	1
15,381	1069.05	449.8	101.892	0.2444	150000.0	1
15,382	1069.1	449.8	101.896	0.2182	150000.0	1
15,383	1069.15	449.8	101.901	0.1935	150000.0	1
15,384	1069.2	449.8	101.905	0.1702	150000.0	1
15,385	1069.25	449.8	101.909	0.1484	150000.0	1
15,386	1069.3	449.8	101.913	0.128	150000.0	1
15,387	1069.35	449.8	101.917	0.1091	150000.0	1
15,388	1069.4	449.8	101.921	0.0916	150000.0	1
15,389	1069.45	449.8	101.925	0.0757	150000.0	1
15,390	1069.5	449.8	101.929	0.0611	150000.0	1
15,391	1069.55	449.79	101.925	0.329	150000.0	1
15,392	1069.6	449.79	101.929	0.2986	150000.0	1
15,393	1069.65	449.79	101.933	0.2696	150000.0	1
15,394	1069.7	449.79	101.937	0.242	150000.0	1
15,395	1069.75	449.79	101.941	0.216	150000.0	1
15,396	1069.8	449.79	101.945	0.1913	150000.0	1
15,397	1069.85	449.79	101.949	0.1682	150000.0	1
15,398	1069.9	449.79	101.953	0.1465	150000.0	1
15,399	1069.95	449.79	101.958	0.1263	150000.0	1
15,400	1070.0	449.79	101.962	0.1075	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →