Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

15,601–15,700 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
15,601	1080.05	449.64	102.635	0.4102	150000.0	1
15,602	1080.1	449.64	102.639	0.3762	150000.0	1
15,603	1080.15	449.64	102.644	0.3437	150000.0	1
15,604	1080.2	449.64	102.648	0.3126	150000.0	1
15,605	1080.25	449.64	102.652	0.2829	150000.0	1
15,606	1080.3	449.64	102.656	0.2547	150000.0	1
15,607	1080.35	449.64	102.66	0.228	150000.0	1
15,608	1080.4	449.64	102.664	0.2027	150000.0	1
15,609	1080.45	449.64	102.668	0.1789	150000.0	1
15,610	1080.5	449.64	102.672	0.1565	150000.0	1
15,611	1080.55	449.64	102.676	0.1356	150000.0	1
15,612	1080.6	449.64	102.68	0.1162	150000.0	1
15,613	1080.65	449.64	102.684	0.0982	150000.0	1
15,614	1080.7	449.63	102.678	0.4272	150000.0	1
15,615	1080.75	449.63	102.682	0.3925	150000.0	1
15,616	1080.8	449.63	102.687	0.3592	150000.0	1
15,617	1080.85	449.63	102.691	0.3274	150000.0	1
15,618	1080.9	449.63	102.695	0.297	150000.0	1
15,619	1080.95	449.63	102.699	0.2682	150000.0	1
15,620	1081.0	449.63	102.703	0.2407	150000.0	1
15,621	1081.05	449.63	102.707	0.2148	150000.0	1
15,622	1081.1	449.63	102.711	0.1902	150000.0	1
15,623	1081.15	449.63	102.715	0.1672	150000.0	1
15,624	1081.2	449.63	102.719	0.1456	150000.0	1
15,625	1081.25	449.63	102.723	0.1254	150000.0	1
15,626	1081.3	449.63	102.727	0.1067	150000.0	1
15,627	1081.35	449.63	102.731	0.0895	150000.0	1
15,628	1081.4	449.62	102.725	0.4233	150000.0	1
15,629	1081.45	449.62	102.729	0.3887	150000.0	1
15,630	1081.5	449.62	102.733	0.3556	150000.0	1
15,631	1081.55	449.62	102.738	0.324	150000.0	1
15,632	1081.6	449.62	102.742	0.2938	150000.0	1
15,633	1081.65	449.62	102.746	0.265	150000.0	1
15,634	1081.7	449.62	102.75	0.2378	150000.0	1
15,635	1081.75	449.62	102.754	0.212	150000.0	1
15,636	1081.8	449.62	102.758	0.1876	150000.0	1
15,637	1081.85	449.62	102.762	0.1647	150000.0	1
15,638	1081.9	449.62	102.766	0.1433	150000.0	1
15,639	1081.95	449.62	102.77	0.1233	150000.0	1
15,640	1082.0	449.62	102.774	0.1047	150000.0	1
15,641	1082.05	449.61	102.768	0.4409	150000.0	1
15,642	1082.1	449.61	102.772	0.4056	150000.0	1
15,643	1082.15	449.61	102.776	0.3718	150000.0	1
15,644	1082.2	449.61	102.78	0.3394	150000.0	1
15,645	1082.25	449.61	102.784	0.3085	150000.0	1
15,646	1082.3	449.61	102.788	0.2791	150000.0	1
15,647	1082.35	449.61	102.792	0.2511	150000.0	1
15,648	1082.4	449.61	102.797	0.2245	150000.0	1
15,649	1082.45	449.61	102.801	0.1995	150000.0	1
15,650	1082.5	449.61	102.805	0.1759	150000.0	1
15,651	1082.55	449.61	102.809	0.1537	150000.0	1
15,652	1082.6	449.61	102.813	0.133	150000.0	1
15,653	1082.65	449.61	102.817	0.1137	150000.0	1
15,654	1082.7	449.61	102.821	0.0959	150000.0	1
15,655	1082.75	449.6	102.815	0.4368	150000.0	1
15,656	1082.8	449.6	102.819	0.4017	150000.0	1
15,657	1082.85	449.6	102.823	0.368	150000.0	1
15,658	1082.9	449.6	102.827	0.3358	150000.0	1
15,659	1082.95	449.6	102.831	0.3051	150000.0	1
15,660	1083.0	449.6	102.835	0.2758	150000.0	1
15,661	1083.05	449.6	102.839	0.248	150000.0	1
15,662	1083.1	449.6	102.843	0.2217	150000.0	1
15,663	1083.15	449.6	102.847	0.1967	150000.0	1
15,664	1083.2	449.6	102.851	0.1733	150000.0	1
15,665	1083.25	449.6	102.855	0.1513	150000.0	1
15,666	1083.3	449.6	102.86	0.1308	150000.0	1
15,667	1083.35	449.6	102.864	0.1117	150000.0	1
15,668	1083.4	449.6	102.868	0.094	150000.0	1
15,669	1083.45	449.59	102.861	0.439	150000.0	1
15,670	1083.5	449.59	102.865	0.4038	150000.0	1
15,671	1083.55	449.59	102.87	0.3701	150000.0	1
15,672	1083.6	449.59	102.874	0.3378	150000.0	1
15,673	1083.65	449.59	102.878	0.307	150000.0	1
15,674	1083.7	449.59	102.882	0.2776	150000.0	1
15,675	1083.75	449.59	102.886	0.2497	150000.0	1
15,676	1083.8	449.59	102.89	0.2233	150000.0	1
15,677	1083.85	449.59	102.894	0.1983	150000.0	1
15,678	1083.9	449.59	102.898	0.1747	150000.0	1
15,679	1083.95	449.59	102.902	0.1526	150000.0	1
15,680	1084.0	449.59	102.906	0.132	150000.0	1
15,681	1084.05	449.59	102.91	0.1128	150000.0	1
15,682	1084.1	449.59	102.914	0.0951	150000.0	1
15,683	1084.15	449.58	102.908	0.444	150000.0	1
15,684	1084.2	449.58	102.912	0.4086	150000.0	1
15,685	1084.25	449.58	102.916	0.3747	150000.0	1
15,686	1084.3	449.58	102.92	0.3422	150000.0	1
15,687	1084.35	449.58	102.924	0.3112	150000.0	1
15,688	1084.4	449.58	102.928	0.2816	150000.0	1
15,689	1084.45	449.58	102.932	0.2535	150000.0	1
15,690	1084.5	449.58	102.936	0.2268	150000.0	1
15,691	1084.55	449.58	102.94	0.2017	150000.0	1
15,692	1084.6	449.58	102.945	0.1779	150000.0	1
15,693	1084.65	449.58	102.949	0.1556	150000.0	1
15,694	1084.7	449.58	102.953	0.1348	150000.0	1
15,695	1084.75	449.58	102.957	0.1154	150000.0	1
15,696	1084.8	449.58	102.961	0.0975	150000.0	1
15,697	1084.85	449.57	102.954	0.4501	150000.0	1
15,698	1084.9	449.57	102.958	0.4145	150000.0	1
15,699	1084.95	449.57	102.962	0.3803	150000.0	1
15,700	1085.0	449.57	102.966	0.3476	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →