Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

15,901–16,000 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
15,901	1095.05	449.4	103.624	0.3503	150000.0	1
15,902	1095.1	449.4	103.628	0.319	150000.0	1
15,903	1095.15	449.4	103.632	0.2891	150000.0	1
15,904	1095.2	449.4	103.636	0.2607	150000.0	1
15,905	1095.25	449.4	103.641	0.2337	150000.0	1
15,906	1095.3	449.4	103.645	0.2081	150000.0	1
15,907	1095.35	449.4	103.649	0.1841	150000.0	1
15,908	1095.4	449.4	103.653	0.1614	150000.0	1
15,909	1095.45	449.4	103.657	0.1402	150000.0	1
15,910	1095.5	449.39	103.649	0.5487	150000.0	1
15,911	1095.55	449.39	103.653	0.5093	150000.0	1
15,912	1095.6	449.39	103.657	0.4714	150000.0	1
15,913	1095.65	449.39	103.661	0.435	150000.0	1
15,914	1095.7	449.39	103.665	0.4	150000.0	1
15,915	1095.75	449.39	103.669	0.3665	150000.0	1
15,916	1095.8	449.39	103.673	0.3345	150000.0	1
15,917	1095.85	449.39	103.677	0.3038	150000.0	1
15,918	1095.9	449.39	103.681	0.2747	150000.0	1
15,919	1095.95	449.39	103.685	0.247	150000.0	1
15,920	1096.0	449.39	103.689	0.2207	150000.0	1
15,921	1096.05	449.39	103.693	0.1959	150000.0	1
15,922	1096.1	449.39	103.697	0.1726	150000.0	1
15,923	1096.15	449.39	103.702	0.1506	150000.0	1
15,924	1096.2	449.39	103.706	0.1302	150000.0	1
15,925	1096.25	449.37	103.697	0.5435	150000.0	1
15,926	1096.3	449.37	103.701	0.5043	150000.0	1
15,927	1096.35	449.37	103.705	0.4667	150000.0	1
15,928	1096.4	449.37	103.709	0.4304	150000.0	1
15,929	1096.45	449.37	103.713	0.3956	150000.0	1
15,930	1096.5	449.37	103.718	0.3623	150000.0	1
15,931	1096.55	449.37	103.722	0.3304	150000.0	1
15,932	1096.6	449.37	103.726	0.3	150000.0	1
15,933	1096.65	449.37	103.73	0.271	150000.0	1
15,934	1096.7	449.37	103.734	0.2435	150000.0	1
15,935	1096.75	449.37	103.738	0.2175	150000.0	1
15,936	1096.8	449.37	103.742	0.1928	150000.0	1
15,937	1096.85	449.37	103.746	0.1697	150000.0	1
15,938	1096.9	449.37	103.75	0.148	150000.0	1
15,939	1096.95	449.37	103.754	0.1277	150000.0	1
15,940	1097.0	449.36	103.746	0.5453	150000.0	1
15,941	1097.05	449.36	103.75	0.5061	150000.0	1
15,942	1097.1	449.36	103.754	0.4683	150000.0	1
15,943	1097.15	449.36	103.758	0.432	150000.0	1
15,944	1097.2	449.36	103.762	0.3972	150000.0	1
15,945	1097.25	449.36	103.766	0.3638	150000.0	1
15,946	1097.3	449.36	103.77	0.3319	150000.0	1
15,947	1097.35	449.36	103.774	0.3014	150000.0	1
15,948	1097.4	449.36	103.778	0.2723	150000.0	1
15,949	1097.45	449.36	103.782	0.2448	150000.0	1
15,950	1097.5	449.36	103.786	0.2186	150000.0	1
15,951	1097.55	449.36	103.791	0.194	150000.0	1
15,952	1097.6	449.36	103.795	0.1707	150000.0	1
15,953	1097.65	449.36	103.799	0.1489	150000.0	1
15,954	1097.7	449.36	103.803	0.1286	150000.0	1
15,955	1097.75	449.35	103.794	0.5502	150000.0	1
15,956	1097.8	449.35	103.798	0.5109	150000.0	1
15,957	1097.85	449.35	103.802	0.4729	150000.0	1
15,958	1097.9	449.35	103.806	0.4365	150000.0	1
15,959	1097.95	449.35	103.81	0.4014	150000.0	1
15,960	1098.0	449.35	103.814	0.3679	150000.0	1
15,961	1098.05	449.35	103.819	0.3358	150000.0	1
15,962	1098.1	449.35	103.823	0.3051	150000.0	1
15,963	1098.15	449.35	103.827	0.2759	150000.0	1
15,964	1098.2	449.35	103.831	0.2481	150000.0	1
15,965	1098.25	449.35	103.835	0.2218	150000.0	1
15,966	1098.3	449.35	103.839	0.197	150000.0	1
15,967	1098.35	449.35	103.843	0.1736	150000.0	1
15,968	1098.4	449.35	103.847	0.1516	150000.0	1
15,969	1098.45	449.35	103.851	0.1311	150000.0	1
15,970	1098.5	449.33	103.842	0.5566	150000.0	1
15,971	1098.55	449.33	103.846	0.517	150000.0	1
15,972	1098.6	449.33	103.851	0.4789	150000.0	1
15,973	1098.65	449.33	103.855	0.4422	150000.0	1
15,974	1098.7	449.33	103.859	0.4069	150000.0	1
15,975	1098.75	449.33	103.863	0.3731	150000.0	1
15,976	1098.8	449.33	103.867	0.3408	150000.0	1
15,977	1098.85	449.33	103.871	0.3099	150000.0	1
15,978	1098.9	449.33	103.875	0.2805	150000.0	1
15,979	1098.95	449.33	103.879	0.2525	150000.0	1
15,980	1099.0	449.33	103.883	0.2259	150000.0	1
15,981	1099.05	449.33	103.887	0.2008	150000.0	1
15,982	1099.1	449.33	103.891	0.1772	150000.0	1
15,983	1099.15	449.33	103.895	0.155	150000.0	1
15,984	1099.2	449.33	103.899	0.1343	150000.0	1
15,985	1099.25	449.32	103.891	0.5637	150000.0	1
15,986	1099.3	449.32	103.895	0.5238	150000.0	1
15,987	1099.35	449.32	103.899	0.4854	150000.0	1
15,988	1099.4	449.32	103.903	0.4485	150000.0	1
15,989	1099.45	449.32	103.907	0.413	150000.0	1
15,990	1099.5	449.32	103.911	0.3789	150000.0	1
15,991	1099.55	449.32	103.915	0.3463	150000.0	1
15,992	1099.6	449.32	103.919	0.3152	150000.0	1
15,993	1099.65	449.32	103.923	0.2855	150000.0	1
15,994	1099.7	449.32	103.927	0.2573	150000.0	1
15,995	1099.75	449.32	103.931	0.2305	150000.0	1
15,996	1099.8	449.32	103.935	0.2051	150000.0	1
15,997	1099.85	449.32	103.939	0.1813	150000.0	1
15,998	1099.9	449.32	103.944	0.1588	150000.0	1
15,999	1099.95	449.32	103.948	0.1378	150000.0	1
16,000	1100.0	449.31	103.939	0.571	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →