Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

16,301–16,400 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
16,301	1115.05	449.03	104.895	0.4062	150000.0	1
16,302	1115.1	449.03	104.899	0.3726	150000.0	1
16,303	1115.15	449.03	104.903	0.3403	150000.0	1
16,304	1115.2	449.03	104.907	0.3096	150000.0	1
16,305	1115.25	449.03	104.911	0.2802	150000.0	1
16,306	1115.3	449.03	104.915	0.2524	150000.0	1
16,307	1115.35	449.03	104.919	0.2259	150000.0	1
16,308	1115.4	449.03	104.923	0.2009	150000.0	1
16,309	1115.45	449.03	104.927	0.1773	150000.0	1
16,310	1115.5	449.01	104.916	0.6902	150000.0	1
16,311	1115.55	449.01	104.92	0.6462	150000.0	1
16,312	1115.6	449.01	104.924	0.6036	150000.0	1
16,313	1115.65	449.01	104.928	0.5625	150000.0	1
16,314	1115.7	449.01	104.932	0.5228	150000.0	1
16,315	1115.75	449.01	104.936	0.4845	150000.0	1
16,316	1115.8	449.01	104.94	0.4477	150000.0	1
16,317	1115.85	449.01	104.944	0.4124	150000.0	1
16,318	1115.9	449.01	104.949	0.3785	150000.0	1
16,319	1115.95	449.01	104.953	0.346	150000.0	1
16,320	1116.0	449.01	104.957	0.315	150000.0	1
16,321	1116.05	449.01	104.961	0.2854	150000.0	1
16,322	1116.1	449.01	104.965	0.2573	150000.0	1
16,323	1116.15	449.01	104.969	0.2306	150000.0	1
16,324	1116.2	449.01	104.973	0.2053	150000.0	1
16,325	1116.25	449.01	104.977	0.1815	150000.0	1
16,326	1116.3	449.0	104.966	0.6983	150000.0	1
16,327	1116.35	449.0	104.97	0.654	150000.0	1
16,328	1116.4	449.0	104.974	0.6111	150000.0	1
16,329	1116.45	449.0	104.978	0.5698	150000.0	1
16,330	1116.5	449.0	104.982	0.5298	150000.0	1
16,331	1116.55	449.0	104.986	0.4913	150000.0	1
16,332	1116.6	449.0	104.99	0.4543	150000.0	1
16,333	1116.65	449.0	104.994	0.4187	150000.0	1
16,334	1116.7	449.0	104.998	0.3845	150000.0	1
16,335	1116.75	449.0	105.002	0.3518	150000.0	1
16,336	1116.8	449.0	105.006	0.3205	150000.0	1
16,337	1116.85	449.0	105.01	0.2907	150000.0	1
16,338	1116.9	449.0	105.015	0.2623	150000.0	1
16,339	1116.95	449.0	105.019	0.2353	150000.0	1
16,340	1117.0	449.0	105.023	0.2098	150000.0	1
16,341	1117.05	449.0	105.027	0.1857	150000.0	1
16,342	1117.1	448.98	105.015	0.7064	150000.0	1
16,343	1117.15	448.98	105.019	0.6618	150000.0	1
16,344	1117.2	448.98	105.023	0.6187	150000.0	1
16,345	1117.25	448.98	105.027	0.5771	150000.0	1
16,346	1117.3	448.98	105.031	0.5369	150000.0	1
16,347	1117.35	448.98	105.036	0.4982	150000.0	1
16,348	1117.4	448.98	105.04	0.4609	150000.0	1
16,349	1117.45	448.98	105.044	0.425	150000.0	1
16,350	1117.5	448.98	105.048	0.3906	150000.0	1
16,351	1117.55	448.98	105.052	0.3576	150000.0	1
16,352	1117.6	448.98	105.056	0.3261	150000.0	1
16,353	1117.65	448.98	105.06	0.296	150000.0	1
16,354	1117.7	448.98	105.064	0.2673	150000.0	1
16,355	1117.75	448.98	105.068	0.2401	150000.0	1
16,356	1117.8	448.98	105.072	0.2143	150000.0	1
16,357	1117.85	448.98	105.076	0.19	150000.0	1
16,358	1117.9	448.96	105.065	0.7145	150000.0	1
16,359	1117.95	448.96	105.069	0.6697	150000.0	1
16,360	1118.0	448.96	105.073	0.6264	150000.0	1
16,361	1118.05	448.96	105.077	0.5845	150000.0	1
16,362	1118.1	448.96	105.081	0.5441	150000.0	1
16,363	1118.15	448.96	105.085	0.505	150000.0	1
16,364	1118.2	448.96	105.089	0.4675	150000.0	1
16,365	1118.25	448.96	105.093	0.4314	150000.0	1
16,366	1118.3	448.96	105.097	0.3967	150000.0	1
16,367	1118.35	448.96	105.101	0.3635	150000.0	1
16,368	1118.4	448.96	105.105	0.3317	150000.0	1
16,369	1118.45	448.96	105.109	0.3013	150000.0	1
16,370	1118.5	448.96	105.113	0.2724	150000.0	1
16,371	1118.55	448.96	105.118	0.245	150000.0	1
16,372	1118.6	448.96	105.122	0.2189	150000.0	1
16,373	1118.65	448.96	105.126	0.1943	150000.0	1
16,374	1118.7	448.95	105.114	0.7227	150000.0	1
16,375	1118.75	448.95	105.118	0.6777	150000.0	1
16,376	1118.8	448.95	105.122	0.6341	150000.0	1
16,377	1118.85	448.95	105.126	0.5919	150000.0	1
16,378	1118.9	448.95	105.13	0.5512	150000.0	1
16,379	1118.95	448.95	105.134	0.512	150000.0	1
16,380	1119.0	448.95	105.138	0.4742	150000.0	1
16,381	1119.05	448.95	105.142	0.4378	150000.0	1
16,382	1119.1	448.95	105.146	0.4029	150000.0	1
16,383	1119.15	448.95	105.151	0.3694	150000.0	1
16,384	1119.2	448.95	105.155	0.3373	150000.0	1
16,385	1119.25	448.95	105.159	0.3067	150000.0	1
16,386	1119.3	448.95	105.163	0.2776	150000.0	1
16,387	1119.35	448.95	105.167	0.2499	150000.0	1
16,388	1119.4	448.95	105.171	0.2236	150000.0	1
16,389	1119.45	448.95	105.175	0.1987	150000.0	1
16,390	1119.5	448.93	105.163	0.7309	150000.0	1
16,391	1119.55	448.93	105.167	0.6856	150000.0	1
16,392	1119.6	448.93	105.171	0.6418	150000.0	1
16,393	1119.65	448.93	105.175	0.5994	150000.0	1
16,394	1119.7	448.93	105.179	0.5584	150000.0	1
16,395	1119.75	448.93	105.183	0.5189	150000.0	1
16,396	1119.8	448.93	105.187	0.4809	150000.0	1
16,397	1119.85	448.93	105.192	0.4442	150000.0	1
16,398	1119.9	448.93	105.196	0.4091	150000.0	1
16,399	1119.95	448.93	105.2	0.3753	150000.0	1
16,400	1120.0	448.93	105.204	0.343	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →