Data series · Chapter 10

Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Continued heating up to boiling. B4 switches in the first step after 2.8 bar is exceeded (t = 1470 s); after 120 s of venting the pressure is back at 0.0 bar.

Scenario: 3 Pressure build-up
Expectation (criterion): B4 when 2.8 bar is exceeded
Measurement: B4 in the first step thereafter (t = 1470.45 s); 0.0 bar after 120 s of venting
Result: passed
Rows: 25,809
Time range: 300.05–1,590.45 s
Time step: Δt = 0.05 s
Columns: 9

Download CSV To the chapter: Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios

Chart
Columns
Statistics
Values
Source and citation

Time series

Each quantity has its own axis and unit in its own panel; all share the time axis. The sensor bits appear as step lines. Clicking the legend shows or hides a quantity.

Time series of the measurement

Building the chart …

Quantities (click to show or hide)

Controls: ← → move cursor (with ⇧ ten times) · Pos1 Ende to the edge · + − zoom · Bild↑ Bild↓ pan · 0 full series · Esc remove cursor. Drag a region with the mouse to zoom in. Values at the cursor belong to the nearest plotted data point; when zoomed far out the chart shows the minimum and maximum per pixel bucket so that single peaks stay visible. Exact values: zoom in or use the tables.

The interactive chart needs JavaScript. Instead, a sample of the series (twelve evenly spaced rows); all values are in the table further below and in the CSV.

Sample of the series
No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B1 Füllstand max	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
1	300.05	450.05	39.572	0.0	150000.0	1	0
2,347	417.35	450.05	49.116	0.0	150000.0	1	0
4,693	534.65	450.05	58.66	0.0	150000.0	1	0
7,040	652.0	450.05	68.208	0.0	150000.0	1	0
9,386	769.3	450.05	77.752	0.0	150000.0	1	0
11,732	886.6	450.05	87.296	0.0	150000.0	1	0
14,078	1003.9	450.05	96.839	0.0	150000.0	1	1
16,424	1121.2	448.9	105.269	0.6802	150000.0	0	1
18,770	1238.5	445.82	111.907	0.9662	150000.0	0	1
21,117	1355.85	441.75	117.693	0.7928	150000.0	0	1
23,463	1473.15	433.91	119.962	0.7953	150000.0	0	1
25,809	1590.45	404.91	100.511	0.0	150000.0	0	1

Column description

Name and unit come from the header row of the CSV file; the meaning follows the heated-tank model (chapter 8) and the recording (chapter 10).

Columns of the series — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Column (CSV header)	Unit	Type	Meaning
1	Zeit (s)	s	Time axis	Time stamp of the row (model time); one row per calculation step of Δt = 0.05 s.
2	Füllstand (l)	l	Process variable	Water level in the tank (tank volume 0.5 m³ = 500 l).
3	Temperatur (°C)	°C	Process variable	Water temperature, calculated from energy and water mass.
4	Druck (bar)	bar	Process variable	Pressure in the head space (steam and air, partial pressures added).
5	Heizleistung (W)	W	Process variable	Currently effective heating power (PT1 lag, τ = 12 s, up to 150 kW).
6	B1 Füllstand max	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Upper level sensor: 1 from 450 l, otherwise 0.
7	B2 Füllstand min	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Lower level sensor: 1 at 50 l or less, otherwise 0.
8	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Temperature sensor: 1 from 95 °C, otherwise 0.
9	B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	—	Sensor bit (0/1)	Pressure sensor: 1 from 2.8 bar, otherwise 0.

Statistics of the series

All figures are computed from the rows of the CSV file (over the whole series, without smoothing) and describe this single run only. They make no statement about a real tank.

25,809Rows (calculation steps)

1,290.45stime covered

0.05sTime step Δt

8recorded quantities

Statistics per process variable — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Quantity	Unit	Count	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	First value	Last value
Füllstand	l	25,809	404.91t = 1,590.45 s	450.05t = 300.05 s	444.898	450.05	404.91
Temperatur	°C	25,809	39.572t = 300.05 s	122.732t = 1,470.40 s	87.1250	39.572	100.511
Druck	bar	25,809	0.0000t = 300.05 s	2.8048t = 1,470.45 s	0.3462	0.0000	0.0000
Heizleistung	W	25,809	150,000.0constant	150,000.0	150,000.00	150,000.0	150,000.0

Below each extreme value is the time of the first row with that value. The mean is the simple mean over all rows (equal time steps).

Sensor bits: switching times — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

Sensor bit	Rows with 1	Share	first 1 at	then 0 again at	Changes
B1 Füllstand max	15,020	58.197 %	300.05 sfirst row	1,051.05 s	1
B2 Füllstand min	0	0.000 %	—	—	0
B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C	12,184	47.208 %	981.30 s	—	1
B4 Druck ≥2,8 bar	1	0.004 %	1,470.45 s	1,470.50 s	2

1 means the sensor is active (threshold reached), 0 not active (chapter 8). “Changes” counts the rows in which the value differs from the previous row.

Values

All rows of the CSV file, unchanged, 100 rows per page. Search and sorting run on the server; you can jump to a row or a time. “No.” is a running row number and not part of the CSV.

17,101–17,200 of 25,809 rows Download CSV

Values — Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting

No.	Zeit (s)	Füllstand (l)	Temperatur (°C)	Druck (bar)	Heizleistung (W)	B3 Temperatur ≥95 °C
17,101	1155.05	448.14	107.298	0.8381	150000.0	1
17,102	1155.1	448.14	107.302	0.79	150000.0	1
17,103	1155.15	448.14	107.306	0.7433	150000.0	1
17,104	1155.2	448.14	107.31	0.6981	150000.0	1
17,105	1155.25	448.14	107.315	0.6543	150000.0	1
17,106	1155.3	448.14	107.319	0.6119	150000.0	1
17,107	1155.35	448.14	107.323	0.5709	150000.0	1
17,108	1155.4	448.14	107.327	0.5313	150000.0	1
17,109	1155.45	448.14	107.331	0.4931	150000.0	1
17,110	1155.5	448.14	107.335	0.4564	150000.0	1
17,111	1155.55	448.14	107.339	0.4211	150000.0	1
17,112	1155.6	448.14	107.343	0.3872	150000.0	1
17,113	1155.65	448.14	107.347	0.3547	150000.0	1
17,114	1155.7	448.14	107.351	0.3236	150000.0	1
17,115	1155.75	448.14	107.355	0.2939	150000.0	1
17,116	1155.8	448.11	107.338	0.9999	150000.0	1
17,117	1155.85	448.11	107.342	0.9473	150000.0	1
17,118	1155.9	448.11	107.346	0.8962	150000.0	1
17,119	1155.95	448.11	107.35	0.8464	150000.0	1
17,120	1156.0	448.11	107.354	0.7981	150000.0	1
17,121	1156.05	448.11	107.359	0.7512	150000.0	1
17,122	1156.1	448.11	107.363	0.7057	150000.0	1
17,123	1156.15	448.11	107.367	0.6617	150000.0	1
17,124	1156.2	448.11	107.371	0.619	150000.0	1
17,125	1156.25	448.11	107.375	0.5778	150000.0	1
17,126	1156.3	448.11	107.379	0.538	150000.0	1
17,127	1156.35	448.11	107.383	0.4996	150000.0	1
17,128	1156.4	448.11	107.387	0.4626	150000.0	1
17,129	1156.45	448.11	107.391	0.4271	150000.0	1
17,130	1156.5	448.11	107.395	0.3929	150000.0	1
17,131	1156.55	448.11	107.399	0.3602	150000.0	1
17,132	1156.6	448.11	107.403	0.3289	150000.0	1
17,133	1156.65	448.11	107.408	0.299	150000.0	1
17,134	1156.7	448.09	107.39	1.0089	150000.0	1
17,135	1156.75	448.09	107.394	0.9561	150000.0	1
17,136	1156.8	448.09	107.398	0.9047	150000.0	1
17,137	1156.85	448.09	107.402	0.8548	150000.0	1
17,138	1156.9	448.09	107.406	0.8062	150000.0	1
17,139	1156.95	448.09	107.411	0.7591	150000.0	1
17,140	1157.0	448.09	107.415	0.7134	150000.0	1
17,141	1157.05	448.09	107.419	0.6691	150000.0	1
17,142	1157.1	448.09	107.423	0.6262	150000.0	1
17,143	1157.15	448.09	107.427	0.5848	150000.0	1
17,144	1157.2	448.09	107.431	0.5447	150000.0	1
17,145	1157.25	448.09	107.435	0.5061	150000.0	1
17,146	1157.3	448.09	107.439	0.4689	150000.0	1
17,147	1157.35	448.09	107.443	0.4331	150000.0	1
17,148	1157.4	448.09	107.447	0.3987	150000.0	1
17,149	1157.45	448.09	107.451	0.3658	150000.0	1
17,150	1157.5	448.09	107.455	0.3342	150000.0	1
17,151	1157.55	448.09	107.46	0.3041	150000.0	1
17,152	1157.6	448.09	107.464	0.2753	150000.0	1
17,153	1157.65	448.07	107.446	0.991	150000.0	1
17,154	1157.7	448.07	107.45	0.9387	150000.0	1
17,155	1157.75	448.07	107.454	0.8878	150000.0	1
17,156	1157.8	448.07	107.458	0.8383	150000.0	1
17,157	1157.85	448.07	107.462	0.7902	150000.0	1
17,158	1157.9	448.07	107.467	0.7436	150000.0	1
17,159	1157.95	448.07	107.471	0.6984	150000.0	1
17,160	1158.0	448.07	107.475	0.6546	150000.0	1
17,161	1158.05	448.07	107.479	0.6122	150000.0	1
17,162	1158.1	448.07	107.483	0.5712	150000.0	1
17,163	1158.15	448.07	107.487	0.5317	150000.0	1
17,164	1158.2	448.07	107.491	0.4936	150000.0	1
17,165	1158.25	448.07	107.495	0.4568	150000.0	1
17,166	1158.3	448.07	107.499	0.4215	150000.0	1
17,167	1158.35	448.07	107.503	0.3876	150000.0	1
17,168	1158.4	448.07	107.507	0.3551	150000.0	1
17,169	1158.45	448.07	107.511	0.324	150000.0	1
17,170	1158.5	448.07	107.516	0.2944	150000.0	1
17,171	1158.55	448.05	107.498	1.0133	150000.0	1
17,172	1158.6	448.05	107.502	0.9604	150000.0	1
17,173	1158.65	448.05	107.506	0.9089	150000.0	1
17,174	1158.7	448.05	107.51	0.8588	150000.0	1
17,175	1158.75	448.05	107.514	0.8102	150000.0	1
17,176	1158.8	448.05	107.518	0.763	150000.0	1
17,177	1158.85	448.05	107.522	0.7172	150000.0	1
17,178	1158.9	448.05	107.526	0.6728	150000.0	1
17,179	1158.95	448.05	107.531	0.6298	150000.0	1
17,180	1159.0	448.05	107.535	0.5883	150000.0	1
17,181	1159.05	448.05	107.539	0.5481	150000.0	1
17,182	1159.1	448.05	107.543	0.5094	150000.0	1
17,183	1159.15	448.05	107.547	0.4721	150000.0	1
17,184	1159.2	448.05	107.551	0.4362	150000.0	1
17,185	1159.25	448.05	107.555	0.4017	150000.0	1
17,186	1159.3	448.05	107.559	0.3687	150000.0	1
17,187	1159.35	448.05	107.563	0.337	150000.0	1
17,188	1159.4	448.05	107.567	0.3067	150000.0	1
17,189	1159.45	448.02	107.55	1.0292	150000.0	1
17,190	1159.5	448.02	107.554	0.9759	150000.0	1
17,191	1159.55	448.02	107.558	0.924	150000.0	1
17,192	1159.6	448.02	107.562	0.8735	150000.0	1
17,193	1159.65	448.02	107.566	0.8245	150000.0	1
17,194	1159.7	448.02	107.57	0.7769	150000.0	1
17,195	1159.75	448.02	107.574	0.7307	150000.0	1
17,196	1159.8	448.02	107.578	0.6859	150000.0	1
17,197	1159.85	448.02	107.582	0.6425	150000.0	1
17,198	1159.9	448.02	107.586	0.6005	150000.0	1
17,199	1159.95	448.02	107.59	0.56	150000.0	1
17,200	1160.0	448.02	107.594	0.5209	150000.0	1

Source and citation

Data source: Own measurement series, recorded on the model function compute_step (step size Δt = 0.05 s) according to the test log of the bachelor thesis (2026); set-up and evaluation see Chapter 10 — Five test scenarios.

How to cite

Kotsch, A. H. (2026): Dataset „Scenario 3 — Pressure build-up and venting“ (25,809 rows, time 300.05–1,590.45 s). Supplement to the bachelor thesis „Digital twins for PLC-coupled laboratory systems“, Duale Hochschule Sachsen — Studienakademie Glauchau. https://thesis.kotsch.tech/daten/szenario-3-druckaufbau (accessed 2026-10-02).

Limits of this data

Classification (chapter 10): B4 is set in exactly the step in which the threshold is exceeded.
Limit: The calculated pressure follows a sawtooth pattern; the threshold is exceeded by a single pressure peak, and the moment depends on the fluctuation band. In twelve rows (from t = 1051.05 s) the level, rounded to 0.01 l, is 450.0 l while B1 is already 0; this is compatible with the rounding of the recording.
The expected values come from hand calculation and the analytical solution with the parameters of the model; agreement shows the correct implementation, not the accuracy compared with a real tank. Each scenario covers a single run with fixed boundary conditions. (Chapter 10)
Without measurement data from a real tank, validation is limited to internal consistency. (Chapter 11)

More datasets

16 rows · 2 columns Key figures of the platform View → 3,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 1 — Filling View → 6,000 rows · 9 columns Scenario 2 — Heating with PT1 behaviour View → 2,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 4 — Draining View → 1,200 rows · 9 columns Scenario 5 — Edge case: empty tank View → 5 rows · 4 columns Five test scenarios — expectation versus measurement View →